Role of Youth in National Development

My name is Ram Manohar. I am a farmer engaged in paddy cultivation as well as the Secretary of an Association of farmers. I come from Thirunellveli district in Tamil Nadu. About five kilometers from my farm land, a multinational company established a factory for producing soft drinks. The entire land around the factory to an extent of 10 Sq. km was under paddy cultivation. The entire water requirement for the company was from bore wells in the company premises.It is understood from the employees of the company that each bore well is around 1000 ft deep. Since the establishment of the factory the water availability in the bore wells in the farm land started receding. The main water source for agriculture and day to day life is from bore wells. The company apart from producing soft drinks is also producing a fertilizer as a by -product. The Agriculture Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu is marketing the fertilizer at a subsidized rate. The said fertilizer is very cheap and the farmers are using the same for paddy cultivation.However the use of fertilizer has reduced the yield. Since the past two years almost the entire bore wells in the farm land has gone dry. Hence I am unable to cultivate paddy for the last two years. Around 2000 farmers in the locality are similarly placed. The Government has appointed a study commission to look into the issue of shortage of water, reduced yield and connected issues. After enquiry the Commission recommended the immediate closing of the factory. The Government of Tamil Nadu acted on the Report and closed the factory. In the meantime the Government also framed rules for regulating bore wells.The company has wound up its entire activities in India and closed its office and its responsible persons had left India. The entire farmers in the locality under the association are on an indefinite strike. We are demanding compensation. Can we claim compensation from the Government as well as from the company. Presently the farmers have no means for their daily livelihood. Please advise us. Additional Information 1. I am sixty years old. 2. From time immemorial my family is engaged in paddy cultivation and Thirunelveli district is known as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu. 3. I own fifteen acres of farm land. 4.The name of the company is Popsco. It is a Finnish company. 5. The company started functioning in India in the year 2005. 6. The company has 100 acres of land. 7. There are 40 bore wells in the factory premises. 8. I have three bore wells in my farmland and they have also gone dry. 9. The average depth of the bore well in the farm land of the area is 250 ft. 10. The Commission was appointed during July 2007 11. The Commission gave its report during March 2008. 12. The Commission found that the fertilizer contained high level of Cadium which has resulted in the reduced yield and that the farmlands have been contaminated. 3. The Commission also found that the water shortage was due to excess drawing of ground water by the factory. 14. The Commission found that the farm lands cannot be profitably cultivated for a minimum period of five years. 15. Fertilizers containing Cadium has been banned since 2003 in almost all parts of Europe. 16. The commission found that a minimum ten years period is required for sufficient increase in the ground water level. 17. The estimated loss of income of the farmers as per the Commission Report is five thousand Crores. 18.The commission found that the fertilizer was approved for sale bypassing statutory requirements. 19. The factory was closed during December 2009,till that time the factory was fully operational. 20. The association has given written representation for compensation to the company on October 10th 2009.  ©KERALA LAW ACADEMY MOOT COURT SOCIETY,Thiruvananthapuram ELEVENTH NATIONAL CLIENT CONSULTING COMPETITION 2010 KERALA LAW ACADEMY, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM FINAL My name is Sofia. I am a veterinary doctor and an expert in embryo transplantation technology. I am an employee of a Company in Gujarat.I joined the company on 10/05/06. The notification for selection stipulated that a five year bond has to be executed as a condition for selection. After selection I executed the bond. At the time of selection I have surrendered my entire original certificates to the company. The bond stipulated that I should work for minimum five years with the company and in case of resignation, liquidated damages of Rs ten lakhs has to be paid. Furthermore the bond contained a non – competition clause which prohibited me from working in a similar organization for ten years. All the selected candidates executed the bond.I was sent to Denmark for routine training by the company. The company has agreed to enhance the salary to all employees w. e. f 01/01/08. However the company has not yet enhanced the salary citing financial crisis. There was an offer from another company. I appeared for the interview and got selected. I was instructed to p roduce the original certificates on or before 10/02/2010. I approached my company for relieving me and also for original certificates. The company stated that I cannot be relieved as the new company is engaged in similar business. I lost the opportunity.From April the company is facing severe financial crisis. The future of the company is uncertain. Can I resign from this company and opt for another job. The company has orally informed me that they would not relieve me till the bond period is over. I am one among the ten veterinary doctors in India who are skilled in embryo transplantation and as such I have tremendous job opportunities with higher prospects. Am I entitled to claim compensation from the company for denying my opportunity? The company is threatening to sue me if I join similar institutions. Please advise me.Additional Information 1. Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Degree obtained in the year 2005. 2. The name of my Company is Gujarat Livestock Cor poration. 3. Selection was through all India written test and Interview. 4. Bond was executed on 1/05/2006. The bond has no clause allowing the company to retain my original certificates. I have the copy of the bond and the copy of the notification inviting application for the job. 5. The pay scale is Rs 16000-22000. 6. My post is Assistant Veterinary Surgeon. 7. I successfully completed the probation on10/05/08. 8.It was told that the original certificates would be returned after the probation period. 9. The proposed enhancement of salary was Rs five thousand per month. 10. The offer for the new job was from Gujarat Diary Corporation. 11. The offered post was Deputy Manager. 12. The pay scale of the new company was Rs 25000-35000. 13. Written request for relieving was made on 20/01/2010. 14. Reply to the above request was received on 28/01/2010. 15. Gujarat Diary Corporation and Gujarat Livestock Corporation are engaged in similar activities and both are promoted by the Government of Gujarat. 16.I was provided in- house training for the first six months by the company. 17. I went to Denmark on 10/05/07. Training was the same as given in the in house training and was for three months. 18. The company has spent Rs fifteen lakhs as expenses for my training in Denmark. 19. In addition I went for training to Australia for three months with the permission of my employer. Training in Australia was from 2/06/08 to 02/09/08. 20. The training in Australia was for specialization in embryo transplantation. 21. Training in Australia was on my own expenses  ©KERALA LAW ACADEMY MOOT COURT SOCIETY,Thiruvananthapuram

Essay on Act III of the Crucible Essay

In the play â€Å"The Crucible† Arthur Miller creates a successful dramatic climax at the end of Act III. Integral to this success is Miller’s continued engagement with the audience. The principal reason why the climax is so dramatic and suspenseful is because the audience is involved with what is happening on stage. Throughout â€Å"The Crucible† Miller has achieved a powerful relationship with the audience both on an emotional and intellectual level. The audience in Act III continue to have an understanding of the personalities of the characters and an insight into their behaviour and how they react in different circumstances. In Act III the audience maintains a deep emotional relationship with the characters. They persist to despise certain characters such as Abigail who is exemplified as remorseful, untruthful and vengeful. In contrast the audience develops a more empathic relationship with some characters such as Elizabeth Proctor and Mary Warren. The context of Act III within the play lies just after the incarceration of several villagers on the alleged charges of witchcraft including the wives of three esteemed men within the village John Proctor, Francis Nurse and Giles Corey. The driving plot line of Act III is these three men’s attempt to redeem their wives a particular focus is on Proctor’s struggle. Part of Miller’s dramatic success is attributed to the way he is able to manipulate the historic and social context. The historical setting of the play is a theocratic Puritan settlement in 1692 in the Massachusetts. The theocracy is a significant part of the play as it leads to mounting frustration for the audience and it is the basis to the plot; Miller also uses the theocracy in Salem to convey an important message about Miller’s own social setting in 1950s America. When Miller was writing the play he was living in a society where McCarthyism was prevalent. The playwright in â€Å"The Crucible† particularly in Act III is conveying how McCarthyism is using communism as a false pretence to ‘hunt down’ McCarthy’s enemies in the same way that Salem is using the guise of witchcraft to rid themselves of threats or adversaries. Perhaps Miller is illustrating to the contemporary audience that the hysteria and difficulties of theocracy are strikingly similar to McCarthyism. An important part of the success towards the end of Act III are Miller’s stage directions they give a vivid instruction to the actors of how to portray to the audience the emotions felt by the characters. Miller begins the scene on a remarkably dramatic moment; Proctor becomes enraged when Abigail attempts to call Heaven. Proctor cries â€Å"How dare you call Heaven! Whore! Whore!† in this historical context the word â€Å"whore† has significantly powerful connotations with what the society would see as â€Å"evil† and â€Å"sin†. The characters on stage react to this in an expected way; Danforth appears to be confused and horrified and is shouting at Proctor â€Å"Man! Man, what do you-â€Å"we can see how severe the potential charge of â€Å"whore† could be. When Proctor attempts to justify this charge he is shown on stage as trembling and petrified he shouts â€Å"I have known her, sir, I have known her† this echo of biblical terminology shows the absolute control theocracy has upon Salem and how language from the Bible has managed to integrate into everyday language. The audience can see the impact and power of this scene by the emotion and bewildered reactions of others. Following this scene of commotion Miller creates a relatively calm scene, Proctor’s anxiety turns into confidence as he is sure his wife is able to verify his claims ,†my wife cannot lie†. Abigail, although not revealing much with speech, she is portrayed in contrast as enraged to the audience. Upon Elizabeth Proctor’s entry, there is a situation of suspense and importance, the audience can tell this because Elizabeth sees Proctor with his back turned which conveys to the audience it is a suspenseful moment and she is ordered by the Deputy-Governor to â€Å"Look at me only†. The audience can see the initial impact this has upon her as she appears weak and confused. The scene escalates in tension and a tremendous amount of pressure is being put upon her. Elizabeth is clearly fearful of the situation and the substantial implications of her testimony as she uses vague descriptions such as â€Å"dissatisfied† and she repeatedly states her husband is a â€Å"good and righteous man†. Elizabeth is intimidated by Danforth, at several times during her interrogation Goody Proctor attempts to look at her husband and he shouts at her â€Å"woman, look at me!† The use of this phrase shows a derogatory attitude towards women that was prevalent during this period of history. During Elizabeth’s questioning Danforth uses violence against her he holds her face and she is portrayed to the audience as full of agony and the clear impacts of the stress being put upon her. When Elizabeth is eventually shouted at â€Å"Is your husband a lecher?† she replies â€Å"no† and she is removed from the courtroom. This enrages the audience how Elizabeth’s answer which has essentially been forced out of her after being interrogated and not for a second been reconsidered. Empathy is also felt for Elizabeth because of the difficulty of the situation that has been forced upon her. The passion felt between the Proctors is evident here Elizabeth has lied putting her life at risk in order to save her husband’s name, Proctor then shouts, â€Å"she only thought to save my name† in desperation to save his wife. This devotion towards each other contrasts with the beginning of Act II where there was a sense of awkwardness between the couple. Following Good Wife Proctor’s ejection from the court-room, The Reverend Hale makes a passionate speech declaring his objection to the situation, â€Å"I may shut my conscience to this no more- private vengeance is working through this testimony†. Miller perhaps uses Hale in this situation to represent the audience’s opinion on stage, Hale is finally able to see clearly what is going on, and the audience is relieved that the lies of Abigail may be exposed. Furthermore there is a prospect of hope as Hale could possibly lead the demise of Abigail; he cries â€Å"This girl has always struck me as false†. Once Abigail is under pressure and she is at risk of being undermined she is able to control the situation by creating an ‘imaginary’ scene. Abigail lets out a loud chilling cry, which would have tremendous impact on the audience and stunned both the other characters and perhaps the audience also into silence. Abigail and the rest of the girls pretend that Mary Warren has shape shifted into a â€Å"yellow bird† which would have bewildered an audience. The girls are described as â€Å"transfixed† and â€Å"hypnotized† (upon the bird) showing how convincing their performance must have been. During Abigail’s â€Å"genuine conservation† with the bird she says â€Å"But God made my face Mary†¦envy is a deadly sin† Miller’s use of the word â€Å"sin† perhaps implies that Abigail is appealing to Danforth by making her language correspond to the Bible also by using the term â€Å"sin† Abigail makes Mary appear more sinister to the rest of the characters on stage and make her appear to be associated to the ‘devil’. The girls’ mimicking of Mary has a remarkable impact upon the atmosphere and pace of the scene, all the shouting between Mary and the girls adds to the drama and builds up excitement in the scene . The audience becomes horrified at the situation, with Abigail’s power and dominance she is able to shift the accusations from her to an innocent which must disgust the audience. Compassion is felt towards Mary because of the horrendous situation she is put in. It seems Miller’s original impression of the girls as ruthless appears to be fulfilled during these scenes.

State Bank of Mysore Project

INTRODUCTION As a part of the MBA programme, I have undertaken Project Work i. e. an Organizational Study of State Bank of Mysore, which I completed as per the requirements of the organization as well as project rules. This internship did enable me to understand the nuances of the service sector and get an on-hand experience of application of theoretical knowledge. In fact it gave me a look-through to gimmicks of the game and assured me of the fact that „Business is a combo of Art, Science and Profession. I did gain good amount of knowledge since I had an encounter with the assets of the organization or rather Employees of the firm, its? ulture, practices, departments, so†¦ On and so forth. Walter Lipmann says â€Å"The ultimate test of a leader is found by the trail he leaves behind and not by what he has achieved†. And therefore let me take you through further in this report to show you what trail State Bank of Mysore has left by being a Leader in letter and spiri t. The study is limited to the information drawn from the authorities of the organization and its? respective website. The study is not proposed to be an expert study since the time frame offered for the study was very short.However the scope of the study, by and large is all inclusive though there could be areas which are not addressed to due to the reason stated above already. All in all it was an experiential learning that an MBA candidate is expected to possess which was possible because of curriculum defined by the Bangalore University and State Bank of Mysore. Rest assured I am now for this internship has cleared the veil in front of us to let us know how actually does a firm look like and functions, unlike what we had read in the books. Chapter – 1MEANING OF ORGANISATION Organisation is the foundation upon which the whole structure of management is built. Organisation is related with developing a frame work where the total work is divided into manageable components in order to facilitate the achievement of objectives or goals. Thus, organisation is the structure or mechanism (machinery) that enables living things to work together. In a static sense, an organisation is a structure or machinery manned by group of individuals who are working together towards a common goal. Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to wore most effectively together in accomplishing objectives†. Definition Different authors have defined organisation in different ways. The main definitions of organisation are as follows: †¢ According to Keith Davis, â€Å"Organisation may be defined as a group of individuals, large of small, that is cooperating under the direction of executive leadership in accomplishment of certain common object. †¢ According to Chester I. Barnard, â€Å"Organisation is a system of co-operative activities of two or more persons. † †¢ According to Louis A. Allen, â€Å"Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives. † †¢ According to Mooney and Railey, â€Å"Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose. † IMPORTANCE OF ORGNISATIONAL STUDYThe effectiveness and efficiency of organization helps in providing the continuity and success to the enterprise. There are many factors that explain the importance and objectives of organisation and they are:- 1. Facilitates Administration: An efficient and sound organisation make easy for the management to relate the flow of resource continually to the overall objectives. A sound organisation helps in providing appropriate platform where m anagement can performs the functions of planning, direction, coordination, motivation and control. 2.Facilitates Growth and Diversification: A sound organisation helps in the growth and diversification of activities. The growth is facilitated by clear division of work, proper delegation of authority etc. In short, it helps in the organisational elaboration. In case of reasonable expansion of organisation, the functional types get replaced by a more flexible decentralized organisation. 3. Permits optimum use of Resources: The optimum use of technical and human resources gets facilitated in sound and efficient organisation. The organisation can have the facilities of latest technological developments and improvements.It also facilitates optimum use of human resources through specialization. The people in the organisation get appropriately trained and get promotion opportunities. A sound organisation provides all the desired potential and strength to the company to meet the future chal lenges. 4. Stimulate Creativity: The specialization in the organisation helps individuals in getting well defined duties, clear lines of authority and responsibility. It encourages the creativity of the people. The sound organisational structure enables mangers to concentrate on important issues where their talent can be exploited to the maximum. . Encourages Humanistic Approach: A sound organisation helps in adopting efficient methods of selection, training, remuneration and promotion for employees. It makes people work in a team and not like machines or robots. Organisation helps in providing factors like job rotation, job enlargement and enrichment to its employees. A sound organisation provides higher job satisfaction to its employees through proper delegation and decentralization, favourable working environment and democratic and participative leadership.It enhances the mode of communication and interaction among different levels of the management. PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION ? The Principle of Objective ? Principle of Specialization ? The Scalar Principle ? The Principle of Authority ? The Principle of Unity of Command OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1. To study the organization 2. To study various departments such as: a). Operations Management Department b. Planning and Development Department c). Commercial and Institutions Department d). Treasury Department e). Technology Department f). Vigilance and Inspection Department 3.To study the day to day activities of the Bank DATA COLLECTION The methodology used in this study involves the collection of data through various ways such as primary data and secondary data. Primary data Primary data is collected from primary sources the data collected through interview with various department heads and officers of the firm. With the help of managers and employees in various department helps to get a clear idea about the organization and its day to day activities. Secondary data Publications of a wide variety provide a good deal of external secondary data.News paper, magazines, technical journals, trade publications, directories, government publications, committee reports, these are sources of external secondary data. Secondary data can also be purchased in some cases from commercial marketing research services. Various types of written documents within the organization, magazines and internet. a) Price lists b) Catalogues etc c) Internet and websites 1. 6 LIMITATION OF STUDY 1. Very less time span is available for study. 2. Sales data is taken 18th July to 18th August 3. Lack of prior experience. 4. There is a possibility 0f an exaggerated claim. INDUSTRY PROFILE pic] Chapter –2 Overview of Industry Profile A Bank is a financial institution and a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities, either directly or through capital markets. A bank connects customers that have capital deficits to customers with capital surpluses. Due to their critic al status within the financial system and the economy] generally, banks are highly regulated in most countries. Most banks operate under a system known as fractional reserve banking where they hold only a small reserve of the funds deposited and lend out the rest for profit.They are generally subject to minimum capital requirements which are based on an international set of capital standards, known as the Basel Accords. The oldest bank still in existence is Monte dei Paschi di Siena, headquartered in Siena, Italy, which has been operating continuously since 1472 Banking Sector in India Banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The first Banks were The General Bank of India, which started in 1786, and Bank of Hindustan, which started in 1790; both are now defunct.The oldest Bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India, which originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which almost immediately became the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the thre e presidency Banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, all three of which were established under charters from the British East India Company. For many years the Presidency Banks acted as quasi-central Banks, as did their successors. The three Banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon India's independence, became the State Bank of India. HistoryIndian merchants in Calcutta established the Union Bank in 1839, but it failed in 1848 as a consequence of the economic crisis of 1848-49. The Allahabad Bank, established in 1865 and still functioning today, is the oldest Joint Stock Bank in India. (Joint Stock Bank: A company that issues stock and requires shareholders to be held liable for the company's debt) It was not the first though. That honour belongs to the Bank of Upper India, which was established in 1863, and which survived until 1913, when it failed, with some of its assets and liabilities being transferred to the Alliance Ba nk of Shimla.When the American Civil War stopped the supply of cotton to Lancashire from the Confederate States, promoters opened Banks to finance trading in Indian cotton. With large exposure to speculative ventures, most of the Banks opened in India during that period failed. The depositors lost money and lost interest in keeping deposits with Banks. Subsequently, Banking in India remained the exclusive domain of Europeans for next several decades until the beginning of the 20th century. Foreign Banks too started to arrive, particularly in Calcutta, in the 1860s.The Comptoire d'Escompte de Paris opened a branch in Calcutta in 1860, and another in Bombay in 1862; branches in Madras and Pondicherry, then a French colony, followed. HSBC established itself in Bengal in 1869. Calcutta was the most active trading port in India, mainly due to the trade of the British Empire, and so became a Banking centre. The first entirely Indian joint stock Bank was the Oudh Commercial Bank, establish ed in 1881 in Faizabad. It failed in 1958. The next was the Punjab National Bank, established in Lahore in 1895, which has survived to the present and is now one of the largest Banks in India.Around the turn of the 20th Century, the Indian economy was passing through a relative period of stability. Around five decades had elapsed since the Indian Mutiny, and the social, industrial and other infrastructure had improved. Indians had established small Banks, most of which served particular ethnic and religious communities. The presidency Banks dominated Banking in India but there were also some exchange Banks and a number of Indian joint stock Banks. All these Banks operated in different segments of the economy. The exchange Banks, mostly owned by Europeans, concentrated on financing foreign trade.Indian joint stock Banks were generally undercapitalized and lacked the experience and maturity to compete with the presidency and exchange Banks. This segmentation let Lord Curzon to observe The period between 1906 and 1911, saw the establishment of Banks inspired by the Swadeshi movement. The Swadeshi movement inspired local businessmen and political figures to found Banks of and for the Indian community. A number of Banks established then have survived to the present such as Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India.No. of Banks Failed & their Capitals | Years |Number of Banks |Authorised capital(Rs. |Paid-up Capital | | |that failed |Lakhs) |(Rs. Lakhs) | | 1913 | 12 | 274 |35 | | 1914 | 42 |710 | 109 | | 1915 | 11 | 56 | 5 | | 916 | 13 |231 | 4 | | 1917 | 9 | 76 |25 | | 1918 | 7 |209 | 1 | Table 2. 1: No. of Banks Failed and its capital The fervour of Swadeshi movement lead to establishing of many private Banks in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi district which were unified earlier and known by the name South Canara ( South Kanara ) district.Four nationalised Banks started in this district and also a leading priva te sector Bank. Hence undivided Dakshina Kannada district is known as â€Å"Cradle of Indian Banking†. During the First World War (1914-1918) through the end of the Second World War (1939-1945), and two years thereafter until the independence of India were challenging for Indian Banking. The years of the First World War were turbulent, and it took its toll with Banks simply collapsing despite the Indian economy gaining indirect boost due to war-related economic activities.At least 94 Banks in India failed between 1913 and 1918 as indicated in the following table: Post-Independence The partition of India in 1947 adversely impacted the economies of Punjab and West Bengal, paralyzing Banking activities for months. India's independence marked the end of a regime of the Laissez-faire for the Indian Banking. The Government of India initiated measures to play an active role in the economic life of the nation, and the Industrial Policy Resolution adopted by the government in 1948 env isaged a mixed economy.This resulted into greater involvement of the state in different segments of the economy including Banking and finance. The major steps to regulate Banking included: ? The Reserve Bank of India, India's central Banking authority, was nationalized on January 1, 1949 under the terms of the Reserve Bank of India (Transfer to Public Ownership) Act, 1948 (RBI, 2005b). ? In 1949, the Banking Regulation Act was enacted which empowered the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) â€Å"to regulate, control, and inspect the Banks in India. † The Banking Regulation Act also provided that no new Bank or branch of an xisting Bank could be opened without a license from the RBI, and no two Banks could have common directors. Nationalisation [pic] Banks Nationalisation in India: Newspaper Clipping, Times of India, July, 20, 1969 Despite the provisions, control and regulations of Reserve Bank of India, Banks in India except the State Bank of India or SBI, continued to be owned and o perated by private persons. By the 1960s, the Indian Banking industry had become an important tool to facilitate the development of the Indian economy.At the same time, it had emerged as a large employer, and a debate had ensued about the nationalization of the Banking industry. Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, expressed the intention of the Government of India in the annual conference of the All India Congress Meeting in a paper entitled â€Å"Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation. † The meeting received the paper with enthusiasm. Thereafter, her move was swift and sudden. The Government of India issued an ordinance and nationalised the 14 largest commercial Banks with effect from the midnight of July 19, 1969.Jayaprakash Narayan, a national leader of India, described the step as a â€Å"masterstroke of political sagacity. † Within two weeks of the issue of the ordinance, the Parliament passed the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking ) Bill, and it received the presidential approval on 9 August 1969. A second dose of nationalization of 6 more commercial Banks followed in 1980. The stated reason for the nationalization was to give the government more control of credit delivery. With the second dose of nationalization, the Government of India controlled around 91% of the Banking business of India.Later on, in the year 1993, the government merged New Bank of India with Punjab National Bank. It was the only merger between nationalized Banks and resulted in the reduction of the number of nationalised Banks from 20 to 19. After this, until the 1990s, the nationalised Banks grew at a pace of around 4%, closer to the average growth rate of the Indian economy. Liberalisation In the early 1990s, the then Narasimha Rao government embarked on a policy of liberalization, licensing a small number of private Banks.These came to be known as New Generation tech-savvy Banks, and included Global Trust Bank (the first of such new g eneration Banks to be set up), which later amalgamated with Oriental Bank of Commerce, Axis Bank(earlier as UTI Bank), ICICI Bank and HDFC Bank. This move, along with the rapid growth in the economy of India, revitalized the Banking sector in India, which has seen rapid growth with strong contribution from all the three sectors of Banks, namely, government Banks, private Banks and foreign Banks.The next stage for the Indian Banking has been set up with the proposed relaxation in the norms for Foreign Direct Investment, where all Foreign Investors in Banks may be given voting rights which could exceed the present cap of 10%, at present it has gone up to 74% with some restrictions. The new policy shook the Banking sector in India completely. Bankers, till this time, were used to the 4-6-4 method (Borrow at 4%; Lend at 6%; Go home at 4) of functioning. The new wave ushered in a modern outlook and tech-savvy methods of working for traditional Banks. All this led to the retail boom in In dia.People not just demanded more from their Banks but also received more. Currently (2007), Banking in India is generally fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign Banks. In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian Banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other Banks in comparable economies in its region. The Reserve Bank of India is an autonomous body, with minimal pressure from the government.The stated policy of the Bank on the Indian Rupee is to manage volatility but without any fixed exchange rate-and this has mostly been true. With the growth in the Indian economy expected to be strong for quite some time-especially in its services sector-the demand for Banking services, especially retail Banking, mortgages and investment services are expected to be strong. One may also expect M's, takeovers, and asset sales. In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector Bank) to 10%.This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector Bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any stake exceeding 5% in the private sector Banks would need to be vetted by them. In recent years critics have charged that the non-government owned Banks are too aggressive in their loan recovery efforts in connection with housing, vehicle and personal loans. There are press reports that the Banks' loan recovery efforts have driven defaulting borrowers to suicide. Phase 1 (March 2005 to March 2009) . Foreign banks were allowed to establish presence in India and were given an option to operate through branch presence or set up a 100% Wholly Owned Subsidiary (WOS). 2. Foreign banks were allowed to open 12 branches a year (the limit was in line with World Trade Organisation (WTO) commitment). Branch licens ing procedure was kept same as applicable for private banks. More liberal branch opening policy was adopted in under-banked areas. 3. The limit of 12 branches a year was raised to 20 branches for foreign banks in March2006. 4.Acquisition of shares in Indian banks by foreign banks was permitted for banks whichare identified by RBI for restructuring. Phase 2 (April 2009 onwards) 1. Branch expansion: -After reviewing the experience of the first phase, RBI has proposed to remove the restriction on branch expansion and limited excess to Indian market and treating them on par with domestic banks to the extent appropriate. 2. Listing of foreign banks: -After completion of the proposed year of operation in India, WOS of foreign banks will be allowed to list and dilute the stake in the manner that at least  of 26% of the paid-up capital remains with the resident Indian. . Mergers and acquisitions: -After a review is made with regard to the extent of  penetration of foreign investment in Indian banks and functioning of foreign banks, foreign banks may be permitted, subject to regulatory approvals and such conditions as may be prescribed, to enter into merger and acquisition transactions with any private sector bank  in India, subject to the overall investment limit of 74 per cent. Adoption of Banking Technology The IT revolution had a great impact in the Indian banking system.The use of computers had led to introduction of online banking in India. The use of the modern innovation and computerisation of the banking sector of India has increased many fold after the economic liberalisation of 1991 as the country's banking sector has been exposed to the world's market. The Indian banks were finding it difficult to compete with the international banks in terms of the customer service without the use of the information technology and computers.The RBI in 1984 formed Committee on Mechanisation in the Banking Industry (1984) whose chairman was Dr C Rangarajan, Deputy Gove rnor, Reserve Bank of India. The major recommendations of this committee were introducing MICR Technology in all the banks in the metropolis in India . This provided use of standardized cheque forms and encoders. In 1988, the RBI set up Committee on Computerisation in Banks (1988) headed by Dr. C. R.Rangarajan which emphasized that settlement operation must be computerized in the clearing houses of RBI in Bhubaneshwar, Guwahati, Jaipur, Patna and Thiruvananthapuram. It further stated that there should be National Clearing of inter-city cheques at Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and MICR should be made Operational. It also focused on computerisation of branches and increasing connectivity among branches through computers. It also suggested modalities for implementing on-line banking.The committee submitted its reports in 1989 and computerisation began form 1993 with the settlement between IBA and bank employees' association. In 1994, Committee on Technology Issues relating to Payment s System, Cheque Clearing and Securities Settlement in the Banking Industry (1994) was set up with chairman Shri WS Saraf, Executive Director, Reserve Bank of India. It emphasized on Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) system, with the BANKNET communications network as its carrier. It also said that MICR clearing should be set up in all branches of all banks with more than 100 branches.Committee for proposing Legislation On Electronic Funds Transfer and other Electronic Payments (1995) emphasized on EFT system. Electronic banking refers to DOING BANKING by using technologies like computers, internet and networking, MICR, EFT so as to increase efficiency, quick service, productivity and transparency in the transaction. Apart from the above mentioned innovations the banks have been selling the third party products like Mutual Funds, insurances to its clients. Total numbers of ATMs installed in India by various banks as on end March 2005 is 17,642).The New Private Sector Banks in India is having the largest numbers of ATMs which is fol off site ATM is highest for the SBI and its subsidiaries and then it is followed by New Private Banks, Nationalised banks and Foreign banks. While on site is highest for the Nationalised banks of India. The below graphical representation shows Number of branches in India [pic] Figure 2:1 No. Branches in India . History of other banks in India (includes Nationalised Banks, Private Banks and Foreign Banks) | No. Year |Period |Characterized by | |1 |1840 to 1947 |Pre Independence |Small size, less regulated and bank  failures | |2 |1947 to 1969 |Post Independence to |Slower growth, private sector dominance and start of | | | |Nationalisation |regulation | |3 |1969 to1991 |Nationalisation to Liberalisation|Nationalised of banks by government, high regulation, | | | | |secular growth in business and expansion & rising | | | | |inefficiencies | |4 |1991 to 2010 |Liberalisation to current  date |De-regulation, entry of private and foreig n banks and | | | | |technological advancement | Table 2:2 History of Banks in IndiaArguments of government for nationalisation were as follows: Before the nationalisation, the privately-owned banks were operating on the criteria of profit maximisation and lesser emphasis was placed on the development of rural areas. Credit and deposits base was confined to large corporate and wealthy depositors. The nationalised banking set-up would vigorously pursue expansion programmes to cover rural areas, smaller towns and lower income groups. To pay special attention to inter-sectoral balances and balanced regional development. To take away the stranglehold of the few industrial houses on credit and reduce their control over the community's resources. Ensure stability in the functioning of the credit institutions and inspire more confidence among the depositors.Encourage healthy competition between large and small industrial houses. Insummary, the following are the steps taken by the Governmen t of India to regulate thebanking institutions in the country: 1949: Enactment of Banking Regulation Act. 1955: Nationalization of SBI. 1959: Nationalization of SBI subsidiaries. 1961: Insurance cover extended to deposits. 1969: Nationalization of 14 major banks. 1971: Creation of credit guarantee corporation. 1975: Creation of regional rural banks. 1980: Nationalization of seven banks with deposits over Rs. 200 crores. These are the list of banking currently operating in India: State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur State Bank of HyderabadState Bank of Patiala State Bank of Travancore State Bank of Indore Nationalised Banks Allahabad Bank Indian Bank Andhra Bank Indian Overseas Bank Bank of Baroda Oriental Bank of Commerce Bank of India Punjab National Bank Bank of Maharashtra Punjab & Sind Bank Canara Bank Syndicate Bank Central Bank of India Union Bank of India Corporation Bank United Bank of India Dena Bank 19. UCO Bank IDBI Bank Ltd. Vijaya Bank Private Sector Ba nks Axis Bank Jammu & Kashmir Ban Bank Of Rajasthan Karnataka Bank Catholic Syrian Bank Karur Vysya Bank City Union Bank Kotak Mahindra Bank Development Credit Bank Lakshmi Vilas Bank Dhanalakshmi Bank Nainital Bank Federal BankRatnakar Bank HDFC Bank SBI Commercial & International ICICI Bank South Indian Bank South Indian Bank IndusInd Bank Tamilnad MercantileBank Tamilnad Mercantile Bank ING Vysya Bank Yes Bank Yes Bank Foreign Banks ABN AMRO Bank DBS Bank 2. Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank Deutsche Bank Antwerp Diamond Bank HSBC Arab Bangladesh Bank JP Morgan Chase Bank Bank Of America Krung Thai Bank Bank Of Bahrain & Kuwait Mashreq Bank Bank Of Ceylon Mizuho Corporate Bank Bank Of Nova Scotia Oman International Bank Bank Of Tokyo-Mitsubishi- UFI Shinhan Bank Barclays Bank Societe Generale BNP Paribas Sonali Bank Calyon Bank Standard Chartered Bank Chinatrust Commercial BankState Bank of Mauri Objectives of the Study 1) To know the organisational structure of the SBM 2) To have the pr actical exposure to Organisational function as compared to theoretical concepts 3) To know the product and service offered by SBM at Kaval Byrasandra branch, Bangalore 4) To know its growth strategy and potential 5) To study the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the organisation to carry out swot analysis. Profile of State Bank of Mysore [pic] Chapter -3 [pic] State Bank of Mysore State Bank of Mysore was established on 2nd October 1913 as â€Å"Bank of Mysore Ltd†. under the royal patronage of the Maharaja of Mysore, erstwhile Govt. f Mysore, on the recommendations of the Banking Committee headed by the great Engineer-Statesman,Bhara Late Dr. Sir M. Vishweswaraiah . Subsequently, in March 1960, the Bank became an Associate of State Bank of India. State Bank of India holds 92. 33% of shares. The Bank's shares are listed in Bangalore, Chennai, and Mumbai stock exchanges. As an associate Bank, State Bank of Mysore has a team of employees with a management. This B ank has 737 branches (as on 31. 03. 2012) and 10249 employees. The Bank has regional officesin, Bengaluru, Mysore, Mangalore, Mandya, Hassan, Shimoga, Devanagari, Bellary, Tumkur, Kolar, Chennai, Coimbatore, Hyderabad, Mumbai and New Delhi. About State Bank of Myore | | |Date of Establishment |1913 | | | | |Revenue |( USD in Millions ) | | | | |Market Cap |21775. 942287 ( Rs. in Millions ) | | | | |Corporate Address |KG Road,PBNo 9727,Bengaluru-560009, Karnataka (www. statebankofmysore. co. n) | | | | | | | |Business Operation |Bank – Public | |Background |State Bank of Mysore was established in 1913 as Bank of Mysore under the | | |patronage of the erstwhile  government of Mysore, at the instance of the banking| | |committee headed by the great Engineer-Statesman, Late Dr Sir M Visvesvaraya. | | |Subsequently, in March 1960, the bank became an Associate of State Bank of | | |India. State Bank of India holds 92. 33% of shares. The bank's shares are listed| | |i n Bangalore, Chen | |Financials |Total Income – Rs. 55948. 247 Million ( year ending Mar  2012) | | |Net Profit – Rs.Million ( year ending Mar  2012) | | | | |Company Secretary |G Soundarajan | | | | |Bankers Auditors |HS Ahuja & Co, Dhawan & Co, LK Kejrswal & Co, SK Basu & Co, PKKG | | |Balasubramaniam & Associates, Bhasin Raghavan & Co, BL Ajmera & Co, MKPS & | | |Associates, SK Basu & Co, Maharaj N R Suresh & Co | Management Committee of the Bank |Managing Director | |+91 80 22251855 | | |Mr.Sharad Sharma |+91 80 22353480 Fax 080 | | | |22254753 | | Chief General Manager | |+91 80 22251570 | | |Ms. Hamsini Menon |Fax 080 22350563 | | |   | | |Chief General Manager |Mr.KalyanMukherjee | | |General Manager  (Operations) & Corporate Development Officer |Mr  Bibhupada Nanda |+91 80 22353487 | | | |Fax 080 22353478 | |General Manager Executive  (Agriculture & MSME) |Mr K Lakshmisha |+91 80 22257149 | | | | | | | |Fax 080 22353494 | |General M anager & Group Executive(Corporate Banking) |Mr.SaswataChaudhuri |+91 80 22353471 | | | |Fax 080 22355978 | |General Manager (Treasury and Finance & Accounts) & Group |Sri Viswanathan V |+91 80 22257149 | |Executive(Government Business) | |Fax 080 22353494 | |General Manager (Technology Management) & Group Executive |MrV Pattabhiraman |+91 80 22352591 | |(Personal Banking) | |Fax 080 22356472 | |General Manager – Risk Management and Credit Policy and Procedures |Mr  ParthasarathyN | | |General Manager & Chief Vigilance Officer |Mr Vijay Dube |+91 80 22255617 | | |   |Fax 080 22350562 | State Bank of Mysore Organizational Structure Figure 3:1 Sbm Organization Structure VISION: â€Å"Working for better tomorrow† MISSIONA premier commercial Bank in Karnataka, with all India presence, committed to provide consistently superior and personalised customer service backed by employee pride and will to excel, earn progressively high returns for its shareholders and be a r esponsible corporate citizen contributing to the well being of the society. POLICIES & PROCEDURES State Bank of Mysore: – FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES Power and duties of its officers and employees- All the officers have certain financial powers and administrative powers depending upon their positions. The delegation of financial powers of various grades of officials is decided by the Central Board which is revised from time to time, depending upon the organization’s requirement and also Government / RBI guidelines. The concerned sanctioning authority takes a decision to sanction a loan or otherwise on merits of each proposal.The procedure followed in the decision making process, including channels of supervision and accountability-There is a well defined system in the Bank regarding the decision making process. Financial decisions are taken at various levels by different officials depending upon their positions and also through committee approach. Centralized credit processin g cells are being formed at certain centres for sanction of personal segment loans and other loans. Branches will source the applications and forward them to the respective credit processing cells, for their consideration. Further, there is a well defined organisational structure and a clear system of accountability and control system, which also take into account the RBI / CVC guidelines. The norms set for discharge of its functionThe Bank functions with the following core values / norms ? Excellence in customer service ? Profit orientation ? Fairness in all dealing and relations ? Risk taking and innovation ? Integrity ? Transparency and discipline in policies and systems Regarding the core functions of the Bank i. e. accepting deposits and sanction of loans, the interest rates for deposits / advances and different deposit as well as loan products, are displayed in the Bank’s website and also made available at all the Branches. Regarding sanction of loans, each officer of t he Bank will consider loan proposals and take a decision in terms of the scheme of delegation of powers, on the merits of the proposals.All the officers of the Bank are expected to discharge their duties and responsibilities with integrity and due diligence. Public can also refer to the captions †Interest rates', ‘code of ethics' & ‘citizens charter' of the Bank's website for any further information. The rules and regulations, instructions, manuals and records held by the Bank/ used by its employees for discharging its functions. There are quite a number of documents like manuals, book of instructions, codified circulars, scheme of delegation of powers, proceedings of the board etc and also the periodical circulars used by the employees for discharging various functions. A statement of the categories of documents that are held by the Bank or under its control.These are mainly register of Shareholders/Record of the proceedings of the AGMs, Board Meetings and various Committee meetings, documents executed by customers/borrowers/guarantors, contracts with third parties etc. The particulars of any arrangement that exists for consultation with, or representation by, the members of the public in relation to the formulation of its policy or implementation thereof in SBM. As per the present arrangement, the Shareholders can raise issues concerning policies and in the Annual General Meetings which can relate to the policy of the Bank. Further, the Banks quarterly results and annual results / reports are published in the Bank’s website periodically for information of public as well as shareholders which would give an idea about the policies of the Bank and implementation thereof.Further, the Central Board the apex management body of the Bank is constituted with members who are leaders from different interest groups and professions such as Industrialists, Bankers from Apex Institutions, Chartered Accountants, Economists and Workmen representative s. Public can also refer to the captions financial results / consolidated financial statement / annual report / shareholders information of the Bank's website, for further information. Bank has appointed various committees for different purposes. Following are some of the important Committees managing the key affairs of the Bank a)Risk Management Committee b)Credit Risk Management committee c)Asset Liability Management committee d)Operational Risk Management committee e)Audit Committee f)Central Management Committee g) Central as well as Local BoardsPublic are not entitled to participate on the above committee meetings and minutes are not accessible to public. Public can also refer to the caption Annual report for various committees more particularly the â€Å"corporate governance† link under the Annual report for more information about the committees. Achievements 1913 – The Bank was established as ‘Bank of Mysore Ltd. ‘, on the 19th May, & commenced its b usiness on the 2nd October 1913, under the patronage of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore, with an authorised capital of Rs. 20. 00 Lakhs. 1953 – During the year, the Bank was appointed as an Agent of Reserve Bank of India to conduct Government business & treasury operations. 959 – With effect from the 10th September, the Bank was constituted as State Bank of Mysore as a Subsidiary of State Bank of India, under State Bank of India [Subsidiary Banks] Act, 1959 enacted through an Act of Parliament, [Act No. 38 of 1959s]. – The Bank has formulated schemes for [1] financing coffee planters/coffee traders against coffee curer’s certificate, [2] financing coffee traders, [3] coffee exporters & [4] coffee curers who also engage in trading. – State Bank of Mysore has various deposit schemes to cater to the requirements of its customers. – The Bank has also actively participated in all Government sponsored schemes and contributed its share of finan cial assistance or the economically weaker sections through DIR, IRDP, Prime Minister Rojgar Yojna & SUME schemes. The Bank has sponsored two Regional Rural Banks, Cauvery Grameena Bank & Kalpatharu Grameena Bank which have between them 202 branches for growth of agriculture & rural industries. – The Bank, as part of State Bank Group has been engaged in financing 551 since 1960 & introduced the concept of need based rather than security oriented finance & the Entrepreneur scheme under which technically qualified persons were financed the entire requirement up to Rs. 2 Lakhs. – The Bank has 3 specialised SSI branches to assist the SSI units & proposes to establish 3 more such 551 branches shortly. – The Bank has correspondent & agency arrangements all over the world & offers spot services in 18 major approved currencies. The Bank computerised dealing room is equipped with state-of-the-art information net-work for excellent services to the Bank customers. – The Bank also proposed to open 21 NRI service centres to specially cater to the requirements of NRI customers. – State Bank of Mysore handles a significant part of day-to-day Banking business of both the Central & State Governments in the State of Karnataka & is a Banker to various Public Sector Undertakings in various sectors of Economy. – The Bank has been actively participating in welfare Banking needs of public through its community services. – The Bank has set up social circles, a voluntary group of employees to conduct the community service activities, at various centres. The Bank is the proud recipient of Rolling Trophy from the Red Cross Society of Karnataka for 17 years in succession, till date, for having mobilised the maximum number of blood donors each year, among Banking Institutions. – The Bank has installed a Main Frame Computer in its Head Office which provides a useful information system to the Management & mini computers at the Zonal Of fices. – The Bank is a member of society for worldwide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunication [SWIFTs] which was established to offer cost effective & fast transmission of financial messages globally, 2 branches of Bank are presently covered under the scheme and an additional 15 branches are proposed to be covered under SWIFT shortly. 992 – The State Government has also taken up vigorously ‘ASHRAYA', a new housing scheme for weaker sections & ‘VISHWA', a new rural & cottage industry scheme. A new programme called ‘AKSHAYA' has also been launched to help the children in primary education. The Konkan Railway Project & the New Mangalore Port Project are also progressing satisfactorily. – The Bank has also been assisting Small Scale industries by offering technology & financial consultancy services to the units in its books, so as to enable them to overcome the problems of technological obsolescence, marketing, management etc. – The Bank has been given a special annual award by Karnataka Unit of Indian Red Cross Society for fourteenth time for having held the most number of voluntary blood donation camps. 994 – Several important measures have been introduced in the busy season credit policy of November 1993 & slack season credit policy of May 1994, announced by Reserve Bank of India. – The Bank extended rehabilitation finance to 54 such units during the year under review. – The Bank STREE SAKTHI PACKAGE designed exclusively for women continued to be implemented with full vigour. – The Bank also proposes to introduce Automated Teller Machines [ATMs] and Electronic Funds Transfer facility during the next year as a measure of offering state of art Banking services to its customers. 2000 – Mr. M. Sitarama Murty has been appoi nted as Managing Director, of Bank. – Crisil has reaffirmed the A+ & P1+ ratings assigned to the bond issue & the CD programme of Bank. 001 – State Ban k of Mysore has opened a foreign exchange cell at its hierarchically Industrial estate branch in Tumkur district to enable small-scale industrialists to manage their foreign exchange transactions. – The Bank has closed its issue of unsecured non-convertible debentures after raising the target of Rs 60 crore. 2002 – Enters the market with a coupon of 6. 4% per annum for its Tier-II capital bonds issue of Rs. 60cr on a private placement basis. – Slashes interest rate on domestic term deposits & on NRE deposits by 25-50 basis points. 2003 – Considers new method of appraisal for lending to the agricultural sector more on the lines of industrial credit given to trade & commerce. Declared a dividend of 40% on equity capital for year ended. – Ties up with HMT Ltd & launches SBM-HMT Agri Farm Scheme, to promote agricultural mechanisation in south India. – Maruti Udyog forges alliances with SBM to offer car finance. – Slashes floating home loa n rates & the new loan is as follows: maturities up to 5 five years, the rates would be 8 per cent, for maturities up to 10 years, the rates would be 8. 75 per cent on a floating rate basis & for above 10 years, 9. 25 per cent. The fixed rate housing loans remained unchanged. Farm lending rate up to Rs 50,000 was lowered to 9 per cent – Inaugurated two branches in Hyderabad. 004 – SBM joins hands with LTJD for tractor financing – State Bank of Mysore has informed that Shri M. Sitarama Murty, Managing Director of Bank retired from the services on December 31, 2003 on attaining super-annuation – Mr. Vijayanand assumes charges as Managing Director of Bank from 01/03/2004 -State Bank of Mysore has joined the Real Time Gross Settlement Systems [RTGSs] network that facilitates inter-Bank funds settlement on 22 July 2005 – SBM unveils new single window system 2006 – Mr P. P. Pattanayak has assumed charge as Managing Director of State Bank of Mysore . Mr Pattanayak was earlier Deputy Managing Director [DMDs] & Chief Credit Officer of State Bank of India, Mumbai. 2009 – The Comp. as splits its face value from Rs100/- to Rs10/-. The State Bank of Mysore has a dedicated workforce of 9926 employees consisting of 3179 supervisory staff, 6747 non-supervisory staff (as on 31 March 2011). The skill and competence of the employees have been kept updated to meet the requirements of customers keeping in view the changes in the Banking environment. State Bank of India is the nation's largest and oldest Bank. Tracing its roots back some 200 years to the British East India Company (and initially established as the Bank of Calcutta in 1806), the Bank operates more than 15,000 branches within India, where it also owns majority stakes in six associate Banks.State Bank of India (SBI) has more than 80 offices in nearly 35 other countries, including multiple locations in the US, Canada, and Nigeria. The Bank has other units devoted to capit al markets, fund management, factoring and commercial services, credit cards, and brokerage services. The Reserve Bank of India owns about 60% of State Bank of India. The roots of the State Bank of India rest in the first decade of 19th century, when the Bank of Calcutta, later renamed the Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June 1806. The Bank of Bengal and two other Presidency Banks, namely, the Bank of Bombay (incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the Bank of Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843).All three Presidency Banks were incorporated as joint stock companies, and were the result of the royal charters. These three Banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency in 1861 with the Paper Currency Act, a right they retained until the formation of the reserve Bank of India. The Presidency Banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the reorganized Banking entity took as its name Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India continued to remain a joint stock company. Pu rsuant to the provisions of the State Bank of India Act (1955), the Reserve Bank of India, which is India’s central Bank, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India.On 30 April 1955 the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India. The Govt. of India recently acquired the Reserve Bank of India’s stake in SBI so as to remove any conflict of interest because the RBI is the country’s Banking regulatory authority. In 1959 the Government passed the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, enabling the State Bank of India to take over eight former State-associated Banks as its subsidiaries. On Sept 13, 2008, State Bank of Saurashtra, one of its Associate Banks, merged with State Bank of India. SBI has acquired local Banks in rescues. For instance, in 1985, it acquired Bank of Cochin in Kerala, which had 120 branches.SBI was the acquirer as its affiliate, State Bank of Travancore, already had an extensive network in Kerala. SBI provides a range of Banking products through its vast network in India and overseas, including products aimed at NRIs. The State Bank Group, with over 16000 branches, has the largest branch network in India. With an asset base of $250 billion and $195 billion in deposits, it is a regional Banking behemoth. It has a market share among Indian commercial Banks of about 20% in deposits and advances, and SBI accounts for almost one-fifth of the nation’s loans. SBI has tried to reduce its over-staffing through computerizing operations and Golden handshake schemes that led to a flight of its best and brightest managers.These managers took the retirement allowances and then went on the becoming senior managers at new private sector Banks. The State Bank of India is 29th most reputable company in the world according to Forbes. Associate Banks:-The Subsidiaries of SBI till date *State Bank of Indore *State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur *State Bank of Mysore *State Bank of Hyderabad *State Bank of Pat iala * State Bank of Travancore Company pictures [pic] State Bank of Mysore [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] PRODUCTS/SERVICES OFFERED State Bank of Mysore offers its products and services in domains like †¢ Personal Banking. †¢ NRI Services. †¢ Agriculture. †¢ International. †¢ Corporate. †¢ SME. †¢ Domestic Treasury. (i) Personal Banking | |Current Accounts | |Savings Bank | |Savings Plus | |Term Deposits | |Reinvestment Plan | |Multi Option Deposits | |Recurring Deposits | |Public Provident Fund Scheme |Housing Loans | |Car Loans | |Education Loans | |Consumer Durables Loans | |Personal Loans | |Loans to Pensioners | |Gold Loans | |Demand Loans on Term Deposits | |Demand Loans against Govt.Securities | |(ii) NRI Banking | |Foreign Currency Non Resident (Bank Scheme) Deposit | |Non Repatriable Rupee Deposits (NRNR) | |Non Resident (External) Rupee Deposit Accounts (NRE) | |Resident Foreign Currency Deposit Accounts (RFC) | |Ordinary Non Reside nt Rupee Accounts (NRO) | |Non Resident Special Rupee Accounts | |Housing Finance for NRIs | |(iii) Small Business Finance | |Retail Trade | |Professionals and Self Employed | |Business Enterprises | |Transport Operators | |(iv) Agriculture Finance | |Agricultural Crop Loans | |Agricultural Gold Loans |Produce Marketing Schemes | |Agricultural Term Loans | |Land Development Schemes | |Minor Irrigation Schemes | |Farm Mechanizations Schemes | |Kisan Credit Cards | |(v) Government Business | |State Govt. | |Central Govt. |CBEC | |CBDT | |Defence | |Posts | |Telecom | |Central Civil Pensions | |Defence Pensions | |Telecom Pensions | |State Govt.Pensions | |PSU Retiring Employees Scheme | |(vi)Other Services | |Safe Deposit Lockers | |Safe Custody | |(vii) Miscellaneous Business | |Demand Drafts | |Remittance Facilities (with Associate Banks) | |Remittance Facilities (with RBI & Govt. ) | |Collections (Cheques) |RTGS/NEFT | |Collections (Bills) | |Demand Draft Purchases ( Cheques) | |Demand Draft Purchases (Bills) | RATES OF INTEREST WITH EFFECT FROM 4th May   2012. |PERIOD |RATE OF INTEREST (%) | | |Up to  Rs. 15 lacs |Above Rs. 15. acs | |7 Days to 14 days |—— |8. 50 | |15 days to 45 days |6. 25 |8. 50 | |46 days to 90   days |6. 50 |8. 50 | |91 days to 179 days |8. 00 |8. 50 | |180 days to 299 days |8. 50 |8. 0 | |300 days |8. 50 |8. 50 | |301 days to less than 1 year |8. 50 |8. 50 | |1 year to less than 500 days |9. 25 |9. 25 | |500 days |9. 25 |9. 25 | |501 days to less than 2 years |9. 25 |9. 5 | |2 years to less than 909 days |9. 25 |9. 25 | |909 days |9. 25 |9. 25 | |910 days to less than 3 years |9. 25 |9. 25 | |3 years to less than 5 years |9. 25 |9. 25 | |5 years and above |9. 25 |9. 25 | Table 3:1 Interest Rate Interest Rates on Personal Segment Advances   | |Housing Loans (w. e. f. 01. 11. 2011) | |NAME OF THE SCHEME |Rate Of Interest | | |(Base Rate 10. 50%p. a) | |   |11Upto Rs 25 Lacs | |HOUSING L OAN |Upto 20 Years |BR+0. 75 |. 5% | |   |Above 20 to inclusive of 25 |BR+1. 00 |11. 50% | | |years | | | | |Above Rs 25 lacs upto Rs 30 Lacs | | |Upto 20 Years |BR+0. 75 |11. 25% | | |Above 20 to inclusive of 25 |BR+1. 00 |11. 0% | | |years | | | |

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis Assignment Research Paper

Interpersonal Relationship Analysis Assignment - Research Paper Example , 2013, p. 1). Another definition of interpersonal relationship is: â€Å"an association between two or more people that may range from fleeting to enduring. This association may be based on inference, love, solidarity, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment† (Tangient LLC, 2013, par. 1). The objective of the current discourse is to analyze one of my interpersonal relationships using concepts and theoretical frameworks discussed during the course. I would therefore be analyzing the relationship between family members, specifically among parents and siblings. As such, this aim would be achieved through addressing and responding to the following questions, as itemized below: 1. The variables that apply to why we form relationships (attraction, similarity, difference, proximity, etc.). How did these variables function in the beginning of your relationship? How do these variables function now that you have a more established relationship? The variab les that clearly apply in forming the relationship among parents and siblings are: for the fulfillment of basic needs (food, clothing and shelter), including emotional, spiritual, and security needs. As a child, I have already recognized the importance of holistic support provided by my parents; as well as the endearing company of my siblings. I realized that the establishment and continued sustaining of a smooth and strong interpersonal relationship among my parents and among my other siblings would be instrumental in maintaining a happy family. Therefore, although there has been some ups and downs in terms of misunderstandings in communication and minor conflicts that ensue among members (even among my parents and me), I have realized through time that these could be resolved and that family members are those whose bonds would be sustained and preserved despite encountering different problems and challenges. As such, weathering various difficulties and adversities as a family actu ally made our interpersonal relationships stronger. 2. Application of two course theories/concepts to the relationship depending on the type: friendship, family or romantic. To assist in developing, maintaining and sustaining strong interpersonal relationships among family members, the following theories were aptly recognized and applied: the attachment/affiliation theory; as well as the confirming and valuing relationship theory. The attachment/affiliation theory has been described as explaining â€Å"infant behavior towards their attachment figure, during separation and reunion times. It is believed that attachment behaviors formed in infancy will help shape the attachment relationships people have as adults† (Lee, 2003, par. 1). I have therefore manifested and established a stronger bond with my mother, due to her comprehensive support accorded me: physically, emotionally, mentally, psychologically, and even spiritually. As emphasized, â€Å"the mother automatically has s ome kind of bond to the child because she carried it for 9 months, but early contact is important in forming strong bonds between them† (Lee, 2003, par. 5). Thus, through consistent caring, guidance in academic performance, as well as in addressing various problems during my childhood up to adolescent development, I have recognized a stronger attachment to my mother. In addition, I also have shown stronger affiliation with my sibling of similar gender. Especially durign adolescent years, greater need was recognized to be formed with other peers

Depression Amongst Transsexuals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Depression Amongst Transsexuals - Essay Example It has been reported that approximately 1 in 30,000 adult genetic males and 1 in 100,000 genetic females seek to change their sex ("Gender dysphoria", NHS direct). These persons suffer from a unique type of depression known as gender dysphoria wherein the mind of the affected persons assumes that he or she actually belongs to the sex opposite to that what has been assigned to him/her physically at the time of birth. The transsexual can be male -to-female or female-to-male. A transsexual may be heterosexual, homosexual or bisexual. This condition is different from transvestism wherein people get sexual or emotional pleasure from wearing the clothing of the opposite sex. The condition of gender dysphoria remains profoundly stigmatizing (Ghosh, 2006). The disorder affects an individuals self-image, and can impact the persons mannerisms, behavior and dress (â€Å"Mental health†, WebMD). Due to confusion about the individual sex, the person experiences anxiety and feelings and fear of rejection. These feelings often lead to chronic depression and even suicidal tendencies. Many of them attempt to undergo hormone and surgical treatment to physically change their sex. Most of them have impairment in social and occupational functioning. Also, many individuals with this condition become socially isolated. Isolation and ostracism contribute to low self esteem and may lead to school aversion or dropping out of school (â€Å"DSM IV†, Gender Identity Disorder). Boys with this condition show marked female mannerisms and speech patterns and are subjected to teasing which further makes them go in to depression (â€Å"DSM IV†, Gender Identity D isorder). Often, in many of them, the disturbance can be so pervasive that the individuals’ thoughts revolve only around those activities that lessen gender distress and they are often preoccupied with appearance, especially early in the transition to living in the opposite sex role (â€Å"DSM IV†, Gender Identity Disorder). Relationships

Composing american Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Composing american - Essay Example The United States had recently entered into world political theater and literally revolutionized the outcome of WWI. America was no longer a small colonial settlement that once broke away from its European control; it was a nation in its own right that was now as powerful, if not more so, than the traditional Western powers. As a result, the distinct attributes of the nation spilled over into the arts and the American composers of the ‘roaring’ 1920’s ushered in an era that revolutionized the existing pattern to a more modern phase. One of the manifestations of this phenomenon was George Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue in 1924 which revealed the break away from the traditional composition and demonstrated the influence of a new era. Alternating between the traditional and the Modern, Gershwin introduced himself as a peer amongst the American composers of his time (Oja 646). As a self-proclaimed â€Å"man without traditions,† a statement on which Copland later agreed, Gershwin’s work established a symphonic jazz masterpiece that endures far beyond the mixed perspective of critics of the time (649). The creation of a distinct profile while still connected to Western Europe expansion was a deviation from the norm that was too much for standard critical acclaim (648). Though not entirely negative, the response was one that spawned much debate and elevated Gershwin to a level of prolific discussion, both good and bad, amongst the composing communities of the world. Contrary to what some of the critics thought, Rhapsody in Blue became an instant success and enjoyed a degree of fame that eluded other aspiring modernists. Rhapsody in Blue became so popular that it was performed with the Whiteman’s Orchestra eighty four times in the first year â€Å"and sales of the disc totaled some one million copies.† (Deena Rosenberg, 1991) It was the most opportune time or period when Rhapsody in Blue was

Critically discuss the contribution that schools can make to childrens Essay

Critically discuss the contribution that schools can make to childrens health and wellbeing - Essay Example Both the school and home are the major social environments for children. Exposure to caring and supportive environments and positive emotional attachments play a leading role in determining physical and mental health of children. Health promoting programs involves a broad health education curriculum that assists in creating a supportive environment for healthy development at schools. Schools should develop a whole school strategy to welfare promotion incorporating broad health education curriculum. More so, developing health promoting programs is very important in encouraging children to adopt health-improving behaviors and eliminate health compromising behaviors. Such programs assist in improving the establishment of school health initiatives resulting to changes in children’s health behaviors and enhance health promotion policies and practices in most schools. This paper provides a very critical discussion on how schools can contribute to the well-being and health of childre n. The term wellbeing refers to the quality of individuals’ lives based on household income, educational resources and health status among others (Statham and Chase 2010, p.2). Being healthy entails living a healthy lifestyle free from excessive consumption of fast foods and use of illicit drugs; and also being physically, mentally, emotionally, socially as well as sexually healthy. On the other hand, children’s wellbeing involves aspects such as engaging in further education; secure a job upon graduating, and access to basic needs among others. Within an international agenda and the UNICEF report, health and safety, material wellbeing, and family and peer relationships are some of the aspects in children’s welfare (Mcauley and Rose 2010, p.112; Watson 2012, p.80). Normally, schoolchildren are faced with health problems due to poor dietary behaviors like excessive intake of calories and inadequate consumption of healthy diet like fruits and

Describe an issue where there is an ethical implication Essay

Describe an issue where there is an ethical implication - Essay Example While academic integrity is a long considered issue within higher education establishments across the globe, its implications in light of the recent economic collapse have taken on a newfound importance. In these regards, the area that has received the most attention has been the connection between professors in United States’ business departments and major Wall-Street banks and brokerage firms that contributed to the economic collapse. Perhaps unique to the university business departments, the professors oftentimes receive substantial sums of money for consulting and preparing reports on these financial institutions. While the notion that business professors are receiving money for consultations by itself is not of major concern, there are substantial ethical implications for this type of collaboration. The first implication is that professors have been indicated to accept money for producing content related to the financial prosperity of a country or region, without indicati ng this in the document itself. The significant ethical implications behind this are that the content is biased yet the professor is using his university’s reputation as a means of supporting his claims.

National Drug Control Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Drug Control Strategy - Essay Example Asides from the issue of drug abuse in its entirety and the prevention strategies, the     President's National Drug Control Strategy has the treatment and recovery vision for the recuperating drug addicts (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). International partnerships, law enforcement, grants and the role of the media are also part of the President’s National Drug Control Strategy.Asides from the issue of drug abuse in its entirety and the prevention strategies, the     President's National Drug Control Strategy has the treatment and recovery vision for the recuperating drug addicts (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). International partnerships, law enforcement, grants and the role of the media are also part of the President’s National Drug Control Strategy. The National Drug Control Policy wrote the foreword to the office of the president of the Obama Administration. The National Drug Control Policy was trying to put the detrimental effects of drug abuse in the American Society (White house.gov, 2014). Moreover, the forward also intends to put it into clarity that the office of the president is trying all it can do to tackle the issue if drug abuse. The goal, which I think deserves the most attention in the fight against drugs in the American society, is a community participation in the fight. Community involvement is essential because it is in the numerous communities that the drugs circulate. Should the community work hand in hand with the law enforcement agencies, then society would eventually be a drug-free society (Whitehouse.gov, 2014). Resultantly, the people would help in developing their respective societies because drugs tend to derail the society’s workforce.

Summary & Strong Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary & Strong Response - Essay Example Whenever the children practice, they have a fear in their mind whether they get injured or not. She stresses this point by taking the example of a boy who practices curve ball. She stresses this by quoting Koppett that muscle strain or even life lifelong injury may result when a twelve –year –old throws curved ball. She says even though they are not injured, they may have the fear in mind which always disturbs them during the practice. . The third point she mentions is the over stress that the parents and their coaches undergo. They really kill the happiness and innocence of the children. The example of a parent who raged against the other team is a typical example that she gives in the essay. I strongly agree with her arguments. Even though I had not read the essay earlier, I strongly felt the inevitability of keeping the children away from the organized sports events. It is an undeniable fact that these competitions are more overlooked by the parents and the coaches o r even the sponsors of the children than the children themselves. The parent’s agony about the children’s future is easily understandable from the above mentioned incidents. Once I happened to hear a member of a team expressing his relief after knowing that the leading player of the other team was hurt and therefore could not play. I really felt that the children are taught indirectly to keep away from the value system. The age is marked with both physical and mental growth. The emotional stress that they suffer in this period will have a long lasting effect. The unhealthy competitions are in a way harmful to the mental set up of children. Some schools have the grading systems to promote sports among children. Those who play sports will be awarded according to their performance. Sometimes they even give participation points also. This is also a cause of ill feeling in the minds of small children. If they want to compete, let them do it without the interference of exter nals. The interests of the children are to be valued more than the prize or the position. So the rigorous practice according to the selected item can done after the specified age. Winning at any coast becomes the issue of prestige for them. It surely kills the true spirit of sports. The meaning of the word of sports itself is ‘entertainment’. But we can notice that the child who wins the games also fails to express the happiness on face as expected of him. Thus it is clear that the children are under stress. Jessica points out some related incidents her essay. One parent from a team faces up a player of the other team and it led the team to arrange security guards for them Children want to enjoy sports and develop healthy relationship. This is possible in team plays. The entire aim of the sports arranged for children should the enhancement of team spirit and cooperation. Sports are a very good media which can be used to inculcate many social values in the young tender m inds of children. The authorities who set these for them should encourage them in this way. The experiences they get from these games are to be valued more than winning at any cost. I conclude here by strongly supporting the arguments of the writer. Competing theory is to be taken into account only from the part of the children. The interference of parents or adults is obviously misleading and the children cannot enjoy the true spirit in a positive way. The children are with the inbuilt capacity to realize the need of

Role of Human Resources Function Essay Example for Free

Role of Human Resources Function Essay Nowadays, the world of business is shrinking day by day, technology has conquered almost every place of the business sector with its different technological instruments and equipments, which perform and accomplishes the role two times greater than a human accomplishes. In midst of these innovations, a number of companies give credit to the role of human resources for their success and prosperity in their business and service sectors. (Frembrun, 1984) Subsequently, the role of human resources and the need of proper human resources management have been significantly given importance for their proper management, in order to achieve better and long-term positive results in a company. In this regard, we will try to define, analyze, and discuss various aspects of human resources management and their different functions of recruitment, selection, and planning of human resources in a company in this paper. An educational hypothesis or a business practice, in which employees are managed through its theoretical and a practical procedure, is termed as Human Resource Management. (Goss, 1994) Mainly, the employees with varying needs and goals are given primary importance in this hypothetical discipline, and do not allow the consideration to think of them as basic business resources, for example, filing cabinets and trucks. (Ferris, 1995) Practitioners see the Human Resource Management as a more innovative analysis of workplace management, rather than the older traditional approach. (Frembrun, 1984) Managers of an enterprise are forced through its methods to express their goals with specificity, so that workforce may understand and undertake them easily. The academic theory of Human Resource Management’s basic assertion is that humans are not degraded as just machines. (Marta M, 2005) Therefore, an interdisciplinary assessment of populace is necessary in the workplace. As a result, psychosomatic, sociological, industrial fields, and post-structuralism, post-modernism critical theories engage in recreating a major role in the aforementioned regard. (Zwieg, 1991) In recent years, varieties of performance enhancing and progressive human resource management practices are adopted by the U.S. companies, to improve their competitiveness in the global marketplace. These recommendations may be unsurprising, because the way of managing people in an organization influence its performance was more emphasized by the professionals and academics. (Mckenzie, 2002) Therefore, many testimonials were produced in the last decade to the value of progressive human resource management practices and their regarding systems. While assuming the staffing selection and its quality, many employers seek fresh graduates for the colleges, with a major in human resources, industrial or labor relations, human resources administration. (McNeil, 2004) Rest of them seems to be looking for the graduates with a business background or a kind of arts education. Previous experience is an asset for many specialized jobs, for example, the jobs of arbitrators, mediators, and managers. Due to overwhelming supply of these qualified college graduates, keen competition for the jobs is expected from the employers. (Burke, 2005) In particular, improvement of the performance of organizations is widely due to the staff involvement, empowerment, job redesign, extensive employee training; team based production systems, and performance-dependent inducement compensations. (Hutton, 2004) The success of any organization is very significant in regard of attracting the qualified employees and their matching for the suited jobs. (Chelladurai, 2006) However, it is impossible for many large enterprises to allow the top management to be in the close contact with the employees. This connection is provided by the labor relations, training, and human resources managers and specialists. (Tayeb, 2005) In the past, the performance of the managerial functions of an organization was related to these abovementioned workers, such as handling employee benefits, interviewing, recruiting, and hiring new staff as per the policies and the requirements of the top management of the organization. (Dransfield, 2000) Nowadays, top executives are consulted regarding the strategic planning to manage the tasks by these human resources employees. These workers have come up from their behind the camera work to leading the corporation by their suggestions and improving the policies. The financial success of an organization is due to the significance of the human resources management department, and therefore, is recognized by the senior management. (Bach, 2005) These workers are also helping the organizations, in an effort to augment their productivity and morale, performance and their business results by using employee skills and providing required training and giving opportunities to develop themselves, to increase the satisfaction of the employee in their working environment. While some jobs do not require close contact with the public, but still, dealing with people is an important key factory of the human resources job. (Jackson, 2006) A human resources generalist in a small business handles every aspect of human resources work and may require a variety of knowledge for this purpose. However, in a large corporation, the management and development of human resources programs and policies is frequently done by the top human resources executives. (Dransfield, 2000) Several departments are supervised by the human resources director, with an experienced manager, likely to be specializing in any one human resources activity, like benefits, training, compensation, development, and employment or employee relations. However, the placement and employment managers do the supervision of hiring and supervision of workers and various employees. (Jackson, 2006) In the recruitment, the college campuses are often visited by the aforementioned specialists, and screening the applicants occasionally. In order to discuss wages, promotional opportunities, and working conditions with prospective employees, these specialists must familiarize themselves with the policies and the organization, itself. They should also update themselves with the equal employment opportunity and affirmative actions guidelines, like, Americans with Disabilities Act, etc. (Marta M, 2005) Equal employment opportunity statistical reports are complied and submitted by the equal employment opportunity officers, and delegations, in an attempt to investigate and resolve grievances regarding corporate practices for possible violations. (Mckenzie, 2002) Employer relations representatives are usually seen in the government agencies, maintaining working relationships with local employers. Promotion of use of the public employment programs and services is also sustained by these rep resentatives. Specialization programs in specific areas like position classifications or pensions are conducted by job analysis specialists for the employers. These analysts collect and examine job duties information, which explain the training, skills, and duties, required for each job. Expert knowledge of the job analyst is also required, whenever an organization introduces a new job or when reviewing existing jobs. (Tanke, 2000) Research and planning work is conducted by occupational analysts in large firms. Studying the effects of industry and professional trends upon employee relationships and occupational classification systems is also a concern for these analysts. However, compensation managers establish and maintain pay system of a firm as their principal job. Staff specialists assist them, devising ways in order to ensure equitable and fair pay rates. (Buhler, 2002) Surveys are also conducted to examine the comparison of their rates with the other companies, and to examine the pay scale of their firm with the changing laws and regulations. Reward systems such as pay-for-performance plans are also designed by these managers to manage their firm’s performance evaluation system. (Carrell, 1992) As a part of the planning process, the health insurance and pensions plans are managed by the employee benefits managers and specialists. In addition, life, accidental death, and dismemberment insurance, disability insurance are also offered by some firms, to meet the necessities of workforce change, for example, child and elder care, employee assistance, and wellness programs, etc. Changing Federal and State regulations and legislations should be updated, which may affect employee benefits. (Buhler, 2002) Training plays a significant role in the success of an organization. Therefore, training and development programs for employees are conducted by training and development specialists. Increasingly, management recognizes that business results are achieved by increasing individual and organizational performance, building worker’s loyalty to the firm and enhancing productivity by developing their skills and quality of work. So, training is nowadays recognized as a business imperative, while presenting it as a method of improving employee morale and developing their skills. (Rothwell, 2003) The complexity of the work environment, the organizational and technological change’s rapid pace, the constantly generation of the new knowledge due to the growing number of jobs, determines the need of training in an organization. In addition, insights have been provided by the advances in learning theory into the ways of adult learning and the different ways of organizing an effective training for the employees. Planning, directing, and organizing this wide range of training is done by these training specialists. New employees are given the opportunity of on-the-job training and orientation sessions, in order to improve and maintain their job skills and simultaneously, preparing them for the jobs requiring greater skill. Supervisors are also helped by these specialists in order to deal with employees effectively. (Ferris, 1995) International human resources managers are also emerging specialties, which requires the handling of human resources issues related to an organization’s foreign operations. Secondly, human resources information system specialists process human resources information through their developed and applied computer programs, for the matching of job seekers with different job openings, and the handling of other human resources matters. (Ferris, 1995) Classes for the enhancement of the marketable skills of the workers are also offered by most of the specialized organizations in human resources. Certification programs are also offered by some institutions, which help in the advancement opportunities. The International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans is an example of these programs, where a designation is conferred to the persons after completing a college level courses series and passes the related exams. (Ulrich, 1997) In terms of selection and recruitment, a thorough job analysis for the determination of level of the skills, technical abilities, flexibility of the employee, competencies is considered very important by the professionals. At this point, the consideration of both the internal and external factors is imperative, which can have an impact on the employees’ recruitment. Current and future trends of the labor market, such as education level, skills, government investment, etc. like issues and that out-with the power of an organization are the external factors. On the other hand, organizational culture and management styles can be controlled, predicted, and monitored easily as the internal influences. (Ulrich, 1997) Consideration of the ethical and legal implications should be necessary in an organization regarding their decisions concerning human resources management policies, which are made to protect employees from racial or ethnic conflicts, such as white employees in the comparison of African-American subgroups. (Foulkes, 1989) Awareness of the rise in discrimination, unfair dismissal, and harassment cases regarding different race and sex, and their harmful effects on employees and organization should be in the employers. A foundation for an increasing interest in diversity during work has been provided by the Anti-discrimination legislation over the past 30 years. In order to understand the different responses of individuals to the labor market’s changes, one should try to understand the different perspectives, such as geographical spread, professional structure, and generational disparity. The organization should consider the distance of traveling for the work while offering the pay. When deciding the requirements and eligibilities of a post, one should also think about the influencing factors, like transportation and infrastructure of the area. (Webb, 1989) During the recruitment and selection process, there may not be any effect of blocking people on the discrimination of race, color, and creed. People with disabilities should also be entertained for the employment opportunities and promotions. Essentials functions should be reflected in the screening, recruiting and interviewing of the candidate. It is appreciable in the human resources, if the people of different color, and disable people may be included in the selection committee. (Mabey, 1998) In the recruitment, an organization can also employ, based on targeted approach. In this case, a request is post to the human resources administrator, in order to approach jobseekers for the vacancy. This request is then reviewed by the administrator to check the arrears at its extreme extent. After the request is approved, the targeted recruitment plan is implemented and then the aforementioned specialists match the jobseekers with the required vacancy. Â  Regarding the affirmative action, it does not end when an employee is placed after the employment process. All the employees should be treated fairly and equitably are some of the logical and subsequent efforts of this action. The goals of workforce diversity will be accomplished greatly, if the administration of reasonable and sound human resources policies will be in a consistent manner. (Frembrun, 1984) In addition, steps should be taken to ensure that equal opportunities are provided to the ethnic or racial minorities, women, and disabled people. It should also be equally important that the workplace environment should be a positive one as these minorities move into the more depressed state where they are considerably unrepresented. (Hristozova, 2006) Conclusively, we have tried our best to explain and understand the Human Resources Management in relation to its recruitment, staffing, training, placement, and planning in a business organization. All these abovementioned aspects play a vital and crucial role in the success of a particular business association, which has been significantly dealt with sensitivity and importance by the professionals and company managers. References Charles J. Frembrun. (1984). Strategic Human Resources Management. John Wiley and Sons. David Goss. (1994). Principles of Human Resource Management. Routledge. David Ulrich. (1997). Human Resource Champions. Harvard Business School Press. Dr Christopher Mabey. (1998). Human Resource Management. Blackwell Publishing. Dr Gerald R Ferris. (1995). Handbook of Human Resource Management. Blackwell Publishing. Elena Hristozova. (2006). Human Resource Management in Consulting Firms. Springer. Fred K. Foulkes. (1989). Human Resources Management. Prentice Hall. Gerald R. Ferris, Sherman D. Rosen, Darold T. Barnum. (1995). Handbook of Human Resource Management. Blackwell Publishing. Gisela M. Webb. (1989). Human Resources Management in Libraries. Haworth Press. J. Steven Mckenzie. (2002). Opportunities in Human Resource Management Careers. McGraw-Hill Professional. Janice (EDT) Simmons-Welburn, Beth McNeil. (2004). Human Resource Management in Todays Academic Library. Libraries Unlimited. Mark C. Zwieg. (1991). Human Resources Management. John Wiley and Sons. Marta M. (2005). Managing Human Resources in Latin America. Routledge. Mary L. Tanke. (2000). Human Resource Management for the Hospitality Industry. Thomson Delmar Learning. Michael R. Carrell. (1992). Personnel/Human Resources Management. Maxwell Macmillan International. Monir H. Tayeb. (2005). International Human Resource Management. Oxford University Press. Packianathan Chelladurai. (2006). Human Resource Management in Olympic Sport Organizations. Human Kinetics. Patricia M. Buhler. (2002). Streetwise Human Resources Management. Adams Media. Robert Dransfield. (2000). Human Resources Management. Ca-Print-Harcourt_Heinemann. Robin W. Hutton. (2004). How to Set Up an HR Department. Lorman Business Center. Ronald J. Burke. (2005). Reinventing Human Resources Management. Routledge. Stephen Bach. (2005). Managing Human Resources. Blackwell Publishing. Susan E. Jackson. (2006). Strategic Human Resource Management. Blackwell Publishing. William J. Rothwell. (2003). Planning and Managing Human Resources. HRD Products.