The Psychoanalysis Theory

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. Freud, a neurologist which has great interests in finding out a treatment for patients with neurotic and hysterical symptoms devised psychoanalysis in Vienna in the 1890s. He called this, â€Å"the hypothesis of unconscious mental activities† (Hook 3). He then developed a method in which talking with the patients is involved. Through this, he found out that the problems of the patients with these kinds of illness stemmed from either repression and/or problems which the patients encountered during childhood. These problems, as Freud believed, lies in the unconscious minds of the persons involved. These problems may not be overtly manifested by the patients, however, in one point in their lives, it will eventually come out. Probably, the main question Freud gives is that, what could possibly have happened during the person’s childhood which affected the way he/she behaves presently? This question is primarily needed for the psychoanalyst to be able to decipher why a certain being acts the way he does. One of the guiding principles of psychoanalysis is the assumption that the problems of the patients in need of psychotherapy lies within the unconscious. This however, was given proof by Freud. According to him, â€Å"the unconscious is the storehouse of instinctual desires, needs, and psychic actions. Also, the unconscious mind acts as a reservoir for repressed memories of traumatic events which continuously influence conscious thoughts and behavior. While past thoughts and memories may be deleted from immediate consciousness, they direct the thoughts and feelings of the individual from the realm of the unconscious†. Through psychoanalysis, these past thoughts and memories which are stored in the unconscious are then unlocked through a process which is called the â€Å"talk therapy†. It is believed that neurotic problems stemmed from the unconscious. These problems, according to Freud, can sometimes manifest themselves in dreams.   The aim, therefore, of psychoanalysis is to bring the repressed memories in the unconscious to the consciousness through a psychoanalytic treatment for it to be addressed accordingly. No matter how successful the movement became, many critics still emerged and deliberately demonstrated their disbelief to the said movement. One of the major critics of Freud’s psychoanalysis is Grà ¼nbaum. In 1986, he said that â€Å"†¦more often than not, they may be the patient's responses to the suggestions and expectations of the analyst† (186).   He is referring to the clinical data gathered by the psychoanalyst. He claims therefore, that psychoanalysis is not reliable because of the fact that most of the patients respond according to what their analysts want to hear. However, if we are going to go through the aim of psychoanalysis, we will find out that Freud was trying to find out â€Å"reasons† rather than â€Å"causes† so therefore, results are technically not important. His main focus was on how the patients will respond to a certain question and how these patients would reason out when given a certain problem. Technically, the procedure is merely a problem solving process. Another critic, Torrey Fuller, considered by some to be a leading American psychiatrist, writing in Witchdoctors and Psychiatrists (1986) stated that psychoanalytic theories have no more scientific basis than the theories of traditional native healers, â€Å"witchdoctors† or modern â€Å"cult† alternatives. In fact, an increasing number of scientists regard psychoanalysis as a pseudoscience (Cioffi, F. 1998). However, this claim by Fuller, was countered by one of the proponents of psychoanalysis by saying that the concepts and theories of psychoanalysis are more akin to the humanities than those of the physica/biological sciences. Therefore, even if they claim that it is not scientific, they cannot push through with that kind of argument. When Freud died, psychoanalysis continued to flourished in its role in solving mysteries with the unconscious. In fact, there emerged the post-freuedian schools which are the Object Relations Theory and the Interpersonal Psychoanalysis. These schools of thought reinforced, in some ways, the psychoanalytic movement proposed by Freud. The Object Relations theory states that the ego-self exist only in relation to objects, be it internal or external. These objects, basically, are said to be formed through interactions with the parents during childhood. According to object-relations theory there are three fundamental â€Å"affects† that can exist between the self and the other; attachment, frustration, and rejection. These â€Å"affects† are considered as the major building blocks of the personality. Therefore, if these affects are triggered, there is the possibility that a change of personality may occur; a changein terms of a person’s perception towards a particular thing or can be a change with regards to a person’s ability to interact with other people. These kinds of changes, as believed by Freudian theorists, may be addressed through psychoanalysis. The Interpersonal Psychoanalysis, on the other hand, states that a patient's interpersonal interactions with others provide insights into the causes and cures of mental disorder. It is believed that patients keep many aspects of interpersonal relationships out of their awareness by selective inattention. The role of psychoanalysis, therefore, is to bring out detailed information from the patient which will lead them to finding out the interpersonal patterns within that patient. In line with the arguments of Freud’s critics, one question that could be raised is that, has psychoanalytic therapy really â€Å"cured† mentally impaired people or are these people just cured because of the fact that they believed that they were cured and not because they really were? There could be a great possibility that people just perceived that he is cured even if he is not. This is one good question that can be addressed with regards to the psychoanalytic process. There were many critics who emerged during the peak of the success of the psychoanalytic movement. Some were for the movement, many were against it. However, it still flourished and up to now, this method is continuously being used. Wholly, Freud’s Psychoanalytic movement has strengths and weaknesses. Probably, part of the strengths of this movement are the facts that clearly, this theory addresses its problem, it can be applied in practical ways and, most importantly, it withstands the test of time. This only means that no matter how many negative criticisms this movement encountered, it is still able to function in such a way that it is being helpful to the society. No matter how many flaws were encountered during the generation of the movement, it is still useful up to this time. In fact, even today, psychoanalysis still remains as a valid option for people who seek help because of mental illness. The movement will continuously flourish because of the fact that it addresses its problems accordingly and it is easy to conduct as long as the involved parties participate accordingly to the process being done. For somebody who whole – heartedly believes in the psychoanalytic movement, it is quite hard to point out certain weaknesses of the movement. However, the only weakness that it might really probably possess is the fact that it might really probably be just giving data which are just interpretations of the analyst which is again, going back to Grà ¼nbaum’s argument, he said that the   patients could probably just saying what the analyst wants to hear. But as stated earlier, Freud’s aim is to find out the â€Å"reasons† and not the â€Å"causes†. The psychoanalytic theory can be considered most useful in addressing problems of patients who are considered mentally impaired. People who undergo Psychoanalysis are people who are emotionally impaired with symptoms like depression or anxiety, loneliness, and incapacity to feel close to anyone. Brain disorders like schizophrenia and autism can be cured through this method as well. However, psychoanalysis would not work with schizophrenics and autistics because such patients ignore their therapist's insights and are resistant to treatment (Dolnick 40). Depression, loneliness, and the incapacity to feel close to anyone, as believed by Freud, to be easily addressed through psychoanalysis, are states wherein a person experiences difficulty in coping up with changes that are constantly happening to his surroundings. He therefore encounters a feeling of being unwanted by the society. With this kind of feeling, the person involved then lacks self esteem which he needs in order for him to get along with the people around him. Freud believed that this kind of problem can be solved if proper interventions will be done and proper techniques of communication will put into practice. This is when the person involved is willing to talk about his problems; the things that makes him think that he is unwanted by other people; the reasons why he is having a hard time coping up with the changes happening around him. Through talking the problem out, the person can now feel that somebody is there to listen to him. This kind of method only works if the person involved is willing enough to disclose himself to another person. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. Personally, based on the studies done for this particular topic, I believe that it really is an effective way intervening people with certain problems with their behavior. With the different studies done by Freud, there are ample evidences that conscious thought and behavior are influenced by non-conscious memories and processes. As stated earlier, the psychotherapy could greatly help people with mental and emotional problems by knowing the past events that greatly affects people’s thought and ideas through unlocking the â€Å"unconscious† thereby being able to decipher why a certain person acts the way he does, and thereby addressing the mental problem of the patient. Works Cited Hook, Sidney, ed. Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method, and Philosophy: A Symposium.   New York: New York University Press, 1959. The researcher use data from Psychoanalysis, Scientific Method, and Philosophy: A Symposium to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. The book talks about Psychoanalysis as a scientific theory and not as a mere philosophical theory, it aims to answer the different questions thrown against the movement. It is through this book that the researcher was able to make strong points against the different debates against the movement. The book also gave enough background about the rise and development of the movement. Freud, Sigmund. An outline of psycho – analysis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1989. The researcher use data from An outline of psycho – analysis to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. This is a book that focuses on Freud’s psychoanalysis movement. It talks about the fundamentals of psychoanalysis. He marshals here the whole range of psychoanalytic theory and therapy in lucid prose and continues his open-mindedness to new departures. The researcher used the source to describe Psychoanalysis as a whole on the first part of the paper. The researcher also used this to counter some arguments thrown against the movement. Grunbaum, Adolf. The foundations of psychoanalysis. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1985. The researcher use data from The foundations of psychoanalysis to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. This is a philosophical critique of the foundations of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis. Through this book, Grunbaum was able to state his debates against Freud’s psychoanalysis. The researcher uses the data, to cite an example of debates against the movement. Cioffi, F. Freud and the Question of Pseudoscience. New York: Open Court Publishing Company, 1998. The researcher use data from Freud and the Question of Pseudoscience to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. The book has shown that psychoanalysis was actually more concrete to humanities rather than the biophysical science. Like a study by Dolnick, cited below, it also discusses debates on the movements, as well as attacks on Freud himself. The researcher was able to get enough background on causes why debates against the movement started. Dolnick, Edward. Madness on the couch: Blaming the victim in the heyday of psychoanalysis. New York: Simon & Chester, 1998. The researcher use data from Madness on the couch: Blaming the victim in the heyday of psychoanalysis to strengthen the topic sentence that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis is a theory which tries to discover the connections between the unconscious components of a patient’s mental processes. This book focused on the pseudoscientific theories and dangerous practices that emerged and flourished in the wake of World War II as American psychotherapists battled to understand and treat schizophrenia, autism, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Though unlike Cioffi’s Freud and the question of Pseudoscience, this one strongly emphasize that psychoanalysis did more harm than good to patients. It is through this, that the researcher was able to cite some examples to strengthen. his position with regards to the psychoanalytic movement.

All About Blood Essay

1.) What is the significance of lower-than-normal hematocrit? Lower-than-normal hematocrit indicates anemia. People with anemia do not have enough hemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Iron, B12, and folic acid deficiencies, some medications, and pregnancy can cause anemia. There are also more serious causes such as problems with the immune system that cause destruction of red blood cells earlier than normal, chronic diseases including kidney disease and cancer, and problems with bone marrow found in leukemia and lymphoma (MedlinePlus:Anemia, 2012). What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? A bacterial infection, which raises white blood cell counts, may affect the hematocrit by lowering it. 2.) Compare the development of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. Lymphocytes and the other formed elements are developed from pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent stem cells generate myeloid stem cells and lymphoid stem cells. Myeloid stem cells start and complete their development in red bone marrow and give rise to red blood cells, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, and monocytes. Lymphoid stem cells begin development in the red bone marrow, but some are completed in the lymphatic tissues, where they give rise to lymphocytes. The B cell lymphocytes are began and completed in the red bone marrow and the T cell lymphocytes begin in the red bone marrow, but they mature in the thymus (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 3.) What is erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells or erythrocytes. It starts in the red bone marrow with a proerythroblast. The proerythroblast divides many times and produces cells that begin to make hemoglobin. A cell near the end of the development cycle ejects its nucleus and then becomes a reticulocyte. Reticulocytes pass from red bone marrow into the bloodstream. Reticulocytes develop into erythrocytes with 1 to 2 days after they are released from the bone marrow (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) detected by the kidneys increases erythropoiesis. This stimulates the kidneys to release more erythropoietin. It circulates through the blood to the bone marrow and speeds up the production of proerythroblasts into reticulocytes. Erythropoiesis slows down when there is sufficient oxygen delivery to the kidneys and tissues (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 4.) Explain what would happen if a person with type B blood were given a transfusion of type O blood. Type O blood carries neither antigen A nor antigen B and is known as the â€Å"universal donor† because of this. Therefore, there would be no negative reaction if a person with type B blood were transfused with type O blood (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 5.) During an anatomy and physiology exam you are asked to view white blood cells in prepared slides of standard human blood smears. Based on the observations below, what is the name and function of each WBC? a.) WBC has a round nucleus surrounded by a blue halo of cytoplasm with no visible granules. These are lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells). Lymphocytes mediate immune responses, such as antigen-antibody reactions. B cells develop into plasma cells, which then secrete antibodies. T cells attack viruses, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue cells. Natural killer cells attack a variety of infectious microbes and certain tumor cells. b.) WBC contains dense blue-purple granules that hide the nucleus. This WBC is a basophil and makes up 0.5-1% of the total WBCs. Where there is inflammation, basophils leave the capillaries. They enter tissues, and release histamine and heparin. These substances make inflammatory reactions greater and are involved in allergic reactions. c.) WBC has a U-shaped nucleus and a bluish, foamy cytoplasm with no visible granules. These are monocytes, making up 3-8% of WBCs. They migrate from the blood into tissues, enlarge, and then become macrophages. Some become fixed macrophages and live in a particular tissue, such as the lungs and spleen. Others become wandering macrophages and gather at infection and inflammation sites. They gather at infection sites in large numbers and phagocytize microbes. They also clean up cellular debris after an infection. d.) WBC contains small, pale lilac granules and a four-lobed nucleus. This type is a neutrophil and makes up 60-70% of WBCs. Neutrophils arrive at an infection site the quickest of all WBCs. After they ingest a pathogen, neutrophils release chemicals to destroy that pathogen. These chemicals include lysozyme, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite. Neutrophils also contain defensins, which are a protein that poke holes in the membrane of the microbe and kills it. e.) WBC contains red-orange granules and a two-lobed nucleus. This is a sample of an eosinophil and they represent 2-4% of all WBCs. Eosinophils leave the capillaries and enter the tissue fluid where they release enzymes that combat allergic reactions. They also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and fight parasitic worms. A high eosinophil count would most likely indicate an allergy or a parasitic infection (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 6.) Why would the level of leukocytes be higher in an individual who has been infected with a parasitic disease? A parasitic disease is a stressor in the body. It is a normal, protective response for the number of leukocytes to increase in this situation because the blood is producing more leukocytes to fight the parasite. 7.) In regions where malaria is endemic, some people build up immune resistance to the malaria pathogen. Which WBCs are responsible for the immune system response against pathogens? How do they function? Eosinophils are the WBC responsible for immune system response against pathogens. Eosinophils leave the capillaries and enter tissue fluid where they release enzymes. They phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and fight parasitic infections (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010). 8.) What is the function of prothrombinase and thrombin in clotting? Explain how the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of blood clotting differ. The extrinsic pathway of blood clotting occurs rapidly, within a matter of seconds. A tissue protein called tissue factor enters into the blood from damaged tissue cells outside (extrinsic) blood vessels. Tissue factor then begins a series of reactions that lead to the formation of prothrombinase. The intrinsic pathway occurs more slowly, over the course of several minutes. The activators of this pathway are in direct contact with blood or contained within (intrinsic) the blood. Again, after a series of reactions, prothrombinase is formed. Once the prothrombinase is formed it converts prothrombin (a plasma protein formed by the liver) into the enzyme thrombin. Thrombin, together with calcium ions, converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads and activates a clotting factor that strengthens the fibrin threads into a clot. A positive feedback cycle begins with the formation of thrombin. Thrombin activates more platelets, which increases the release of platelet phospholipids, which then increases the formation of prothrombinase. Thrombin also directly accelerates the formation of prothrombinase. The additional amount of prothrombinase accelerates the production of thrombin. The positive feedback loop continues and the fibrin clot grows (Jenkins, Kemnitz, & Tortora, 2010).

Portion Pac.Business Study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Portion Pac.Business - Case Study Example The conservation and preservation of natural resources become vital part of survival because sustenance of population dynamics depends on the available resources. Indeed, human threats to the environment incorporate significant factors that are intrinsic part of development process. Moreover, various drivers of climate change contribute towards sustenance of life forces and unprecedented increase in population dynamics has put more burden on the natural resources and adversely impacted the availability of fresh water, clean air and land. Sustainable business practices promote environment conservation through innovative measures like carbon footprint, using energy saving methods and devices, tree plantation, reducing waste, using green technologies etc. Thus, PortionPac’s business practice is therefore, highly recommendable. Answer 2 The most important and influential stakeholders for Portion Pac are employees who make them and the end users of its products which are designed for cleaning with least use of chemicals. Its end users are janitors, housekeepers and food service professionals. All people are important for it and therefore so far as stakeholders are concerned, they are all influential factors in its decision making process. The least important issues in its decision making is the owners’ profitability which comes at the bottom of the issues in its business strategy. Its products are non toxic that provide maximum safety for their employees who facilitate in its production and packaging. They are also highly effective cleaning material with the added feature of string disinfectant. They can be easily used by janitors, housekeepers and food service professionals. Cleaning detergents that are safe and chemical free serve dual purpose for its clients. They are chemical free and support environment as chemical waste does not pollute environment. The other important feature is that they are safe to use and their disinfectant property ensures better health and cleaner environment. These properties are hugely beneficial for its various stakeholders. The owners’ profits are not considered important part of decision making because their primary concern is the sustainability of resources for people at large. It is wise order of stakeholders because sustainable business practice provides them with unique capabilities to innovate and preserve environment for posterity and thereby giving them competitive advantage which results in greater revenue. Answer 3 The company’s environmental focus is good for company because its eco friendly products had provided it with distinct advantage in the industry which was still in the infancy stage to adopt sustainable business practice. The various paradigms of environment sustainability serve as powerful agents of innovation and disco veries which are designed towards gaining leverage in the market (Barney, 2002). The organizational culture of constant learning and resources based strategy provides it with attributes to gain competitive advantage. Most importantly, in the contemporary environment of competitive business, sustainable business practices facilitate proactive approach to meet the challenges of environmental imperatives. The business operations at all levels of interaction are carried out within the broader precincts of sustainable development framework. Hence, the company defines its business policies vis-a-vis sustainable development and ensures that functional coordination cuts across the departments, organizational structure and operational efficiency. Thus, it greatly enhances its credibility and ensures long term success. Answer 4 Yes, I would like to work for a company that works

Multiple Questions on History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multiple Questions on History - Essay Example On the example of FARC it is clearly seen that this theory works. The group of people was gathered in order to protect the interests of oppressed people in the rural areas of Columbia. Another peculiarity of Focoist theory is that it was initially invented for developing countries. Thus, when Che Guevara’s theory is criticized, it may be argued that it is initially â€Å"Guerrilla War†. Revolutionary war in China has its specific laws as well. Mao Zedong has suggested strategies of revolutionary war in his well-known essays 'On Practice' and 'On Contradiction' (1937). Zedong makes an emphasis on revolutionary upheaval, which is based not on instantaneous protests, but is also confirmed by deep knowledge and profound historical experience of a nation. Maoism has guerilla roots as well. Still, unlike Che Guevara, Zedong makes an emphasis on the necessity of a proper education of a nation with regards to revolutionary issues. Question 2Atomic weapon influence on military t heory after WWII Thesis: A creation of atomic weapon after WWII signified an international pace for strategic preparation against hostile moods of the world. Atomic weapon was a serious intimidating factor uprising those countries, which owned it and diminished power of countries, which did not have it. An inevitable development of atomic weapon was propagated by its supporters and developers, such as Lawrence, Alvarez, Teller and others. They claimed that it was wise for the United States to protect their nation against intimidating factors of potential hazards caused by atomic weapon. Nevertheless, the fact that  Atomic Energy Commission forbade development of atomic weapon for America may be explained by two main reasons: a lack of technology development in this field : â€Å"Oppenheimer believed that the atomic forces of the United States would be more effective if they consisted of many large fission weapons (of which multiple bombs could be dropped on the same targets) rath er than the large and unwieldy predictions of massive super bombs, for which there were a relatively limited amounts of targets of the size to warrant such a development† (History of nuclear weapons, 2011). Consequently, it is evident that a significant shift happened in military theory. After WWII atomic weapon was mentioned as a powerful tool regulating diplomatic policies and controlling over them in the post war period. Question 3 Evolution of US military approaches in Vietnam Thesis: from thousands of hostile attacks to diplomatic negotiations, - these were limits of American political strategy in the war of Vietnam. In order to support policies of the South’s government, America sent in 1963 6,000 of forces to South Vietnam. Starting from 1965, Johnson triggered the war, bombing North Vietnam and these attacks mounted up to in 1968. During times of Nixon, starting from 1968 policies of Vietnamization was promoted. America made an attempt to destroy Communism in Vi etnam in 1970. There is a gradual evolution of military policies in Vietnam: from hostile moods to diplomatic agreements. For the American history this war was the longest one. In the result of war in Vietnam 2 mln lives were gone and 60,000 deaths among Americans emerged. South Vietnamese should be protected by the American government from totalitarian regime. Moreover, it should be noted that this lesson of war

Land Desertification in China ( only climatic factor) Essay

Land Desertification in China ( only climatic factor) - Essay Example So China’s arid climate through its consequences of overflows and droughts constitutes a menace to the full-fledged life support of the Chinese and their future generations. In this regard one of the primary concerns is the functioning of the appropriate technologies aiming at recovery of the degraded soils. In the point of the discussed theme there are two key terms, namely: degradation and desertification. Degradation is the steady deterioration of soil characteristics as a habitat of biota, and reduction of its fertility as a result of the influence of natural or anthropogenic factors. Desertification is a process of irreversible changes in soil and vegetation, and reduction of biological productivity, which in extreme cases can lead to the complete destruction of the biospheric potential and turning of the territory into desert. The primary concern of desertification in China is a food crisis, as the issue is the main cause of aggrieving the country’s stores of wheat and rice, which form the basis of China’s agriculture. â€Å"According to a general survey of the country, the total area of †¦ regions vulnerable to desertification has reached †¦ 34.6 percent of the entire territory† (Longjun). In the context of the most grounds intended for sowing of the seeds, the percentage of the lands under desertification is critical. Moreover, it rises with the demographic problem of China or the top-priority challenge for survival of the Chinese. Overpopulation of the country is a well-known issue, and desertification in this respect is extremely hazardous for the great number of people whose needs don’t decrease with the degradation of soils. As for the secondary concern of the issue, it deals with the dwindling water supply as well as groundwater decrement. It goes without question that the consumption of water for China’s agricultural needs, human wants, and for the artificial irrigation of the arid lands substantially wreaks havoc on the

Syriana review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Syriana - Movie Review Example A scene in the movie which can be compared to a real life event is whereby a CIA operative Robert Barnes is sent to Lebanon specifically in Beirut, to carry out the kidnapping and killing of a Prince known as Nasir Al-Subaai. Prince Nasir is condemned to death because of the fact that he wants to develop the infrastructure of his Country. The other reason is that he intends to give oil exploitation rights to china who happen to be the highest bidders. An event which can be compared to this scene is the 1973 oil crisis (Salterio). This oil crisis was started by the Egypt and Syria who are affiliates of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. This was a result of a conflict between the two Countries Egypt and Syria with Israel. Syria and Egypt vowed not to export petroleum to nations that supported Israel against them. The president of US Richard Nixon supported Israel financially in the conflict. Arab oil producing Countries such as Saudi Arabia increased the costs of oil on the US to large extent. This real life scenario shows the fight that was taking place in a bid to secure war in historical periods (Salterio). Oil was used a tool for punishing the US for supporting Israel against oil producing giants. The same way Prince Nasir in the movie Syriana was punished for being on the wrong side of the oil war. The movie clearly displays the struggle between the developed Countries as they fight for the control of oil in the Middle East. Salterio, James W. "Politics and Politicians in Films :Contrasting Viewpoints in American and Foreign Films." 2008. 15 November 2014

Economics goverment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics goverment - Essay Example Indeed, the defendants in the case, Carilion Health System defeated the U.S. Department of Justice by showing that hospital markets have unique characteristics that deviate from the norms of commerce. As such, in 1989, the U.S. Department of Justice failed to prevent the merger between Carilion Health System and another hospital in Roanoke (Eisenstadt, 1989). Hence, the two hospitals merged and continued to operate separately in Roanoke after the 1989 merger. However, in 2006, Carilion consolidated the two hospital boards and transferred most the workers and services to Roanoke Memorial Hospital (RMH). It also sought to buy the services of private physician groups. The CEO of Carilion Health System believed that medical staff could improve the cost and quality of care in Roanoke while operating in a centralized system. Because of the merger, there was no hospital competition in Roanoke. Subject to this, the cost of health care is on an all-time high and the health-insurance rates are very high in Roanoke, Virginia (Carreyrou, 2008). The Hospital Competition and Costs: The Carilion Case (1989) had fundamental legal issues as presented by the U.S Department of Justice (DOJ) and Carilion. The jury sought to litigate the issue related to the effect on competition and the presence of efï ¬ ciencies. Indeed, after the defendants and the DOJ have made their case, the court sought the jury’s advisory on three legal facts. The court sought an advisory on the correctness of the DOJ’s alleged geographic market, the DOJ’s assertion that the relevant product market consisted of only inpatient hospital care, and the consolidation’s likely effect on competition (Eisenstadt, 1989). To this effect, the DOJ had the legal burden of proofing that the proposed merger would lead to adverse competitive effects and would not derive

Compare and contrast the work of illustrators Aubrey Beardsley and Essay

Compare and contrast the work of illustrators Aubrey Beardsley and Edward Gorey - Essay Example He began the art of illustrating in 1892 in Paris where Parisian fashion influenced his style of illustrations. This paper outlines the comparison and contrast between Edward Gorey and Aubrey Beardsley in their works as illustrators. Comparisons Both artists represented the high caliber of creativity and artistic brilliance. Edward on his side is the most imaginative artist of all time in America while Aubrey on the other side was an indispensable artist because he influenced his age and gave huge knowledge throughout Europe and America. Illustrators Gorey and Beardsley were both identified with artwork that had similar form in expressing skills and techniques though in different ways. Their work clearly expresses the value of illustrations in artistic work and shows how they should be correctly executed. They clearly bring out the understanding of each illustration including the shape and form that ensures the genre is understood in the present and future. Both were best known illus trators with detailed illustrations and stories. There works have inspired many people. They both used ink in their drawings and writing. Aubrey in drawing his images used ink, the large dark areas had contrasted with the large blank areas while other areas did not contrast at all. Gorey’s signature pen and ink as illustrated in his work and the use of strange and horrible words made him to be considered as America’s most imaginative and strange artist of all time. They played with both text and pictures i.e. Gorey was best known for his fantastic drawings especially the use of children such as (The Gashlycrumb Tinies, (1963), Alice in wonderland) and amusing, odd/unpredictable stories. Beardsley on the other hand wrote a book, â€Å"Under the Hill† an incomplete erotic tale and many other short stories plus several letters. Most of his work though are illustrated. Some of his famous illustrations include The Stomach Dance, 1894, The Peacock Skirt, 1894, Der Pud erquast, 1893, Masquerade among many others. Beardsley and Gorey’s artistic works were based on the same subject. They both dealt on; costume and fashion, collections, book illustrations, botanicals, education, world culture and others. Their artistic style was also the same and include; photography, fine and vintage. This kind creativity promoted their work and also made them memorable to date. Both created works with different degrees of realism, employing imagery, forms and motifs from flora and fauna. Their work was rated as the most innovative and progressive which attracted many international critics. Gorey's most books are of humor and cartoon sections of most bookstores, although a book such as The Object Lesson earned serious respect in the society, it was full of animation and humor. Contrasts: Gorey's books/work were popular with kids but he never associated them with kids it is believed that he had no fondness for them. Maybe it is because he was never married and he specifically confessed to have less interest in romance as indicated in the book The Strange Case of Edward Gorey. During interviews, he never discussed anything about romance. At one point during an interview he said â€Å"I'm neither one thing nor the other particulars. I am fortunate in that I am apparently reasonably undersexed or something  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I've never said that I was gay and I've never said that I wasn't

Analyzing Level of Development in Hong Kong Essay

Analyzing Level of Development in Hong Kong - Essay Example It is of fascinating to see how Hong Kong has risen to become an economy that is now ranked along with the big wigs of fully developed countries. Development in this context is the maximum utilization of the resources within a given area or country(Haq, 1995). There are multiple universally accepted indicators on how well developed a country is which can either be based on economic factors such as GDP, GNI and PPP, or socio-indicators such as availability and efficiency of public services, provision of health services, accessibility of education among others (Haq 1995). Over the past century to date, Hong Kong has come a long way, for in the nineteen thirties she would have been categorized as an underdeveloped economy. By the start of the Second World War, Hong Kong was still a British colony. On the 25th December 1941, Japan seized her, and occupied the country until August 1945. At the time of the occupation, the Hong Kong economy suffered a great setback. There was rapid inflation and severe food shortages since the Japanese were preserving food for their army. In this harsh environment, there was little economic growth fostered, with advances coming almost to a standstill. In addition, the official currency, the Hong Kong dollar was outlawed and replaced by the Japanese Military Yen. By 1945, the population of Hong Kong had shrunk by half, down front the pre-occupation number of 1.5 million inhabitants (Tsang, 2004). In recent years, Hong Kong has faced challenges and drawbacks at a national level that have had negative impacts on her economy. In 2003, there was an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which led to a drastic decrease in the number of international tourists and a fall in the price of property by 66%.. The bird flu pandemic (H5N1), which had broke out on a full scale around the same time, but had been around for years led to the loss of poultry and chicken by the millions(BEAPA,2008). Another recent setback to the growth of the Hong Kong economy was the Asian financial crisis that occurred between the late part of 1997 and earl 1998. There was a collapse in the stock markets of some south East Asia, Hong Kong being one of them leading to a sharp depreciation in the value of their currencies. These had been preceded by the devaluation of the currencies of the economies involved. It took a while for Hong Kong to regain her momentum from this impediment (Gary,2003). factors that have worked in Hong Kong's favor towards development There are several factors that have fostered Hong Kong's rapid economic growth, one being that the Hong Kong market is friendly and liberal, thus she is quick to adapt to changes in international marketing trends. Her banking system has a rock solid base, she carries minimal public debt and sufficient foreign exchange reserves. These factors are coupled with a strong legal system and a staunch stand taken in fighting corruption (BEAPA, 2008). She has benefited from China's joining the World Trade Organization in that the latter markets her as a growing commercial hub with an amiable business environment,

Greek Mythology and Athena Essay Example for Free

Greek Mythology and Athena Essay 1. True myth is primarily concerned with: a. the gods b. wars c. heroes d. animals 2. What does Athena offer to Athens in her contest with Poseidon? a. the knowledge of weaving b. the olive tree c. victory in battle d. wisdom 3. What goddess does Iris usually serve? a. Athena b. Aphrodite c. Artemis d. Hera 4. With what goddess is Hephaestus often associated through practical wisdom, arts and crafts, and the advance of civilization? a. Hera b. Artemis c. Athena d. Aphrodite 5. Which goddess is not one of the three goddesses that Aphrodite was unable to overpower? a. Demeter b. Artemis c. Athena d. Hestia 6. Why did Gaia punish Uranus? a. He killed their children as soon as they were born. b. He refused to lie with Gaia when she came to him. c. He refused to allow their children to leave the womb of earth. d. He wanted Themis to take her mothers place. 7. What animal is Athena most closely identified with? a. the owl b. the dolphin c. the spider d. the lion 8. Aphrodite Pandemos means which of the following? a. Celestial Aphrodite b. Common Aphrodite c. Genital Aphrodite d. Lustful Aphrodite 9. What Trojan youth did Zeus carry off to become cupbearer of the gods? a. Hebe b. Ganymede c. Hector d. Paris 10. What does the word chthonic or cthonian mean? a. pertaining to the sea b. having to do with the earth c. related to the sky d. characteristic of the citadel 11. Who wrote the Theogony? a. Homer b. Hesiod c. Vergil d. Ovid 12. Whom did Poseidon mate with in the form of a stallion? a. Demeter b. Medusa c. Amphitrite d. Scylla 13. Who wrote the Prometheus Bound? a. Ovid b. Euripides c. Aeschylus d. Plato 14. Which of the following is not an epithet of Athena? a. Pallas b. Glaukopis c. Metis d. Tritogeneia 15. Who is the consort of Poseidon? a. Galatea b. Scylla c. Amphitrite d. Thetis 16. Who is the hunter that caught Artemis bathing? a. Orion b. Arcas c. Actaeon d. Tityos 17. Which best describes an etiological interpretation of myth? a. It attempts to see myth as a metaphor. b. It attempts to understand myth in terms of an underlying ritual. c. It attempts to see myth as a pre-scientific mode of explanation. d. It attempts to uncover the historical kernel behind all myth. 18. In some versions of her birth, who is the mother of Aphrodite? a. Ge b. Hera c. Cybele d. Dione 19. Who will eventually rescue Prometheus from his sufferings? a. Heracles b. Perseus c. Zeus d. Achilles 20. What god gave Theseus three curses? a. Zeus b. Apollo c. Proteus d. Poseidon 21. What is the name of the guardian that was set over Io? a. Charon b. Cerberus c. Hermes d. Argus 22. Who wrote the Hippolytus? a. Sophocles b. Euripides c. Aeschylus d. Seneca 23. Who at times appears as the particular servant of Hera? a. Hermes b. Hestia c. Iris d. Diana 24. What is the name of the Graces, who attend Aphrodite? a. the Horae b. the Moirae c. the Charites d. the Graeae 25. What did Artemis promise Hippolytus as he lay dying? a. She will raise him from the dead. b. She will grant him a place in Elysium. c. She will punish a favorite of Aphrodite. d. She will punish Theseus for his curse. 26. What goddesses does Hesiod invoke at the beginning of the Theogony? a. the Fates b. the Graces c. the Muses d. the Sirens 27. With whom does Athena share her function as a deity of war? a. Apollo b. Hephaestus c. Ares d. Mercury 28. What is the hallmark of the Greek conception of the Olympians? a. animism b. theriomorphism c. anthropomorphism d. monotheism 29. Who is the mother of Zeus? a. Ge b. Rhea c. Gaea d. Cybele 30. What is the most distinguishing feature of the Greek gods? a. omniscience b. omnipotence c. immortality d. physical stature Part II Short Answer (2 points each) 31. What is the Roman name of Poseidon? 32. What is the Greek term that means a sacred marriage? 33. Who is Theseus father in the Hippolytus? 34. Who was the sculptor who created a statue that came to life? 35. What is the Roman name for Athena? 36. What does the Greek word mythos mean? 37. Together with what creature is Scylla usually mentioned? 38. What does Pandoras name mean? 39. To what force may Zeus himself be subject? 40. Who is the mother of the Muses? Part III Essay (20 points) Write an essay on one of the questions listed below. Be sure to make direct reference to primary sources (i.e. passages [included in the textbook] of ancient authors) to support your statements; with the exception of the textbook, do not base your discussion on any other secondary sources. The essay must be 200-250 words in length. When referring to primary sources, include the following: (1) page number of textbook on which passage occurs, (2) name of the ancient author, (3)title of ancient work from which passage is taken, (4) location within ancient work in which passage occurs. (a) Discuss Zeus . Include within your discussion an identification of his attributes and the myths associated with him. What do the myths communicate about his character and qualities? or  (b) Discuss Athena . Include within your discussion an identification of her attributes and the myths associated with her. What do the myths communicate about her character and qualities?

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller

Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, written in the years following World War II (WWII), is widely considered to be among Americas most celebrated theatrical works. Willy Loman, the plays protagonist, is a salesman whose dwindling commission can no longer afford to maintain the lifestyle his family leads. As the plot unravels, what is revealed is a contrarian depiction of the American Dream, the notion that wealth, material comfort, and the happiness they supposedly provide can be attained with hard work. The play was massively popular because it shed light on what many Americans felt was an unrealistic pressure placed on their shoulders; rather than work to be happy, Americans were working to be financially wealthy. The discontent of Willy and his descent into darkness, both moral and mental, embodied the reality of the American middle class. Life in American pop culture was a saccharine, morally whitewashed stereotype, presenting expectations to which few could live up. Pressured to work and achieve the financial successes expected in a post-war society that covets monetary excess, Willy is slowly driven into a state of emotional and mental ruin. Essentially, Willy dies doing all the right things a typical American man in the Post-War Era ought to. Scholar Gerald Weales asserts that for Miller, Willys tragedy lies in the fat that he had an alternative he did not take, [and] having chosen the wrong star he reached fro it until he died of stretching. A significant part of the plays popularity is grounded in this clash of ideology the sparring concepts of American wealth and prosperity with individuality and reality. Terry Otten writes in Temptation of Innocence in the Dramas of Arthur Miller that Death of a Salesman, probably more than any other dramatic play, provokes critical [arguments] about the viability of tragedy in the modern age and particularly in American culture. Willys descent is found in all aspects of his life, from the stock character of the nuclear family to gainful employment and the desire to achieve and earn more in life. Members of his immediate family his wife, Linda, and his youngest son, Happy, in particular reinforce the notions that drive Willy into his state of despair. Ironically, Willy can never shake himself free of the shackles he fastens to his own life by holding onto the illusory notion that he can somehow become wealthy by simply living life the way he thinks it should be lived. He still looks up to Ben, an older relative who built his wealth off African diamond mines. The only Loman to leave material gain behind is Willys eldest son, Biff, who with his work in Texas represents the agrarian icon of American life glorified before financial gain dominated the cultural zeitgeist. Consequently, Willy looks down on him to a degree, concluding that Biff can never attain the dream in his current role. Ironically, Biff is perhaps the sole character in the play to accurately observe what happens to his father, and disillusioned by Willys state, decides to seek his own path to happiness and the American Dream. The concept of the dream is something that is debilitating to Willy; the more he pursues it, the further he descends, growing increasingly delusional in his encounters with his sons. His moral fiber, a concept valued possibly even more in Protestant America than money, wanes as he takes on a mistress despite his wifes devotion. In keeping with the concept of materialism eroding the human spirit and morality, Biff, the character least associated with Willys lifestyle, is the one to gain the most from Willys suicide, a path upon which the salesman ventured in order to provide his eldest son with a life insurance settlement. At the end of the play, it is revealed that Linda has made the final payments on the house she and Willy spent their lives paying off, stating that they are finally free. Arthur Millers story of the destruction of a middle class American worker follows the structure of a classic protest play, or a stage play with a social message. Dan Vogel writes on the complexity of Willys character and the plot at large, stating that despite Willys end, his story is not necessarily a tragedy since Death of a Salesman merely tells the story of a little man succumbing to his environment, rather than a great man destroyed through his greatness; there is no question of grandeur in such a tragedy. I. R. Choudhuri notes the irony of the American Dream is what draws its audience, stating that democracy proclaims the individual in society to be free, and American democracy, in addition, approves the myth of [Willys] infinite success and happiness; and yet, these same laws and social conventions constrain and frustrate him in what he has come to believe as the birth-right of a member of the greatest open society. For Choudhuri, Millers approach to the theme of the play is drawn through undistinguished citizens, everyman-type characters whose appeal to the typical American audience is in their mundane nature. Willys circumstances are not outlandish and fantastical. He is not a Danish prince avenging the death of his father, nor is he a Moor in Venice struggling against the machinations of a society that ostracizes him. Lomans downfall is perhaps the most appealing part of the play and the component of Millers work that made Death of a Salesman so popular. Willys demise is not something out of a fairy tale it is by his own hand metaphorically and in the end quite literally. Loman cuts himself off from any help he might get from his neighbor, his sons, and his wife; unsure even of his performance as a salesman should he act the rugged individualist or play at casual charm? Willy feels deeply guilty about his past performances as a breadwinner, father, and husband. The pressure placed on Willy warps the values of the family and leaves the protagonist unsure of his identity, which leads to his destruction and ultimately made the play palatable for an audience who may very well have been a collection of Lomans. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bigsby, C.W.E. (2000) Modern American Drama, 1945-2000. Cambridge: Cambridge U P. Bloom, Harold (ed). (1991) Willy Loman. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. Bloom, Harold (ed). (1996) Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman. New York: Chelsea House Publishers. Bloom, Harold (ed). (2000) Arthur Miller. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. McConachie, Bruce. (2003) American Theater in the Culture of the Cold War: Producing and Contesting Containment. Iowa City: U of Iowa P. Miller, Arthur. (2005) Death of a Salesman. New York: Penguin Books. Otten, Terry. (2002) Temptation of Innocence in the Dramas of Arthur Miller. Columbia: U of Missouri P.

Essay --

Cellphone’s use by students at school has become a controversial issue for the educational system in today's society. Most teachers and school administrators believe that cellphones are disruptive. Although school officials ruled policies to prohibit using the cellphones during class time, students carry them all the time in class. The text messaging, calling and even browsing the net during class time caused them to be distracted and be uninterested in learning. In other word, students who pay too much attention to their cellphones become uninterested in learning during class lectures and they would like socializing more than listening to the lectures . This behavior can also affect others in class and distract them. Many school boards have been worried that cellphones can impede education, therefore they banned using it. Students should have a controlled environment to be able to learn successfully. Cellphones should be banned in schools because they create distraction in cl ass, they can be used for cheating on the tests and privacy invasion issue. In many schools cellphones are banned because it is known as a disruption and distraction tool in classes. Allowing cellphones in classes is not a simple controversial issue as long as most teens have one of them and wherever we turn we cut them through text messaging and calling. Although, cellphones made our life convenient, they are disruptive in some parts. It happens all the time that someone makes a loud conversation in a bus or store and annoys other people. At schools the distraction may even be greater than public places. Students that carry phones with them in classes can cause distraction among the other students because sometimes they forget to turn off their phones... ...safety and they can cause the privacy be taken away. Lately, cellphones have become a big issue for schools and they have a big role on learning process. Teachers argue that cellphones are distraction in classrooms and they should be banned. Cellphones make students to text, play games and act irresponsibly during the time when they should study. This causes them to be distracted and not to pay full attention to the class. Cellphones can be also used as a cheating device as long as it makes possible for students to accesses to the internet or by taking pictures of the exams charge other students. Camera phones can invade privacy and safety in schools since some students take and spread inappropriate pictures of other students in locker rooms and restrooms. Cell phones impact education and schools, therefore they should not be allowed to use in schools.

Columbine Film Review :: essays research papers

Bowling for Columbine: The Media’s Falsity A common theme throughout Michael Moore’s documentary, Bowling for Columbine, is the fact that the media is able to produce fallacies and fear in the American public. Michael Moore says, â€Å"American media is being pumped with fear†. As Americans, we are bombarded with media everyday through televisions, magazines, and radio. But most of us do not stop to ponder its effects within our culture. Fear and violence are strongly correlated, and it is amazing how the media is able to play off that fear. Everyday you can not watch the news without being exposed to violence. The media however uses violence to invoke fear and then use that fear as a manipulating and influential power. For example, isn’t it startling that most of the rapists, murderers, and criminals depicted on the news all seem to fit the same profile? Being a regular news watcher, I am appalled at the way the media has shaped our minds into believing that all law offenders seem to be tall dark African American males between the ages of 19-25! It seems as though the nation has used this profile as a scapegoat for societal problems. Likewise, with the Columbine incident the media was desperately searching for someone or something to blame for the incident so that the public could rest a little easier. However, this desperate search for understanding usually creates more problems and not to mention stereotypes. In the case of the Columbine shooting, a favorite scapegoat among the media was Marilyn Manson. The media accused Manson as being an influential figure to the two high school shooters. To me this seemed like a cheap way out. Blaming this already controversial celebrity, was a quick answer that was easy to feed and be accepted by the American public. Manson’s reaction to this was that the president was as much to blame as he was. But of course the media would never blame the president; the public would never buy it. Just like if a picture of a 50 year old white male in a nice suit was put up to describe a raging rapist or serial killer, the public would have a much harder time accepting this image over an image of a 20 year old African American male. This solidifies the idea that the media will take anything and spin it in a way that will make it much more â€Å"believable†.

Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron Essay -- Papers

Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout this paper I will attempt to show how these two books portrayed a totally different lifestyle. In â€Å"The Decameron†, by Giovanni Boccaccio, the rolls of men and women are what you would expect of a western society in the 1300’s. Women are generally seen as gentle beings that were somewhat naà ¯ve. There was a very distinct line that separated men from women. Through out the stories I noticed a consistent story line of women being very loyal to their men. The men would end up doing terrible things to the woman. In some cases the husbands would actually put the wife through massive suffering and n... Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron Essay -- Papers Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout this paper I will attempt to show how these two books portrayed a totally different lifestyle. In â€Å"The Decameron†, by Giovanni Boccaccio, the rolls of men and women are what you would expect of a western society in the 1300’s. Women are generally seen as gentle beings that were somewhat naà ¯ve. There was a very distinct line that separated men from women. Through out the stories I noticed a consistent story line of women being very loyal to their men. The men would end up doing terrible things to the woman. In some cases the husbands would actually put the wife through massive suffering and n...

Should the government have a say in what we eat?

Some may say that we need more guidance from the government in what we eat but I disagree. The control our government has is already overwhelming most of o our lives so we as citizens should not have to be forced into eating anything because the govern meet says so. We are taught from an early age on what has proper nutrition and what is he althea. We also have the food pyramid to show us what we need in our body system to f unction throughout the day.If people see that and do not follow them, it is their choice e and the decisions that they are making. If you decide to eat something that is unhealthy why and gain weight, it is your responsibility to lose that weight again. If you decide to eat healthy, which can benefit you later on in your life, again it is your responsibility to keep eat Eng healthy and staying healthy. You are the person who make the choices in your life and YOU U should be the one responsible for your actions; not anybody else.There are so many things that the g overnment limits us to do; if they decide to limit what kind of food we eat, the tats one more step towards them limiting us to do things around in this country. Although s mom guidance in what we eat can be helpful to those who are uneducated, most people learn a ND know what is healthy and what is not. In America alone, more than % of adults are obese.

Pediatric Recommended Core Measures Health And Social Care Essay

After run intoing Stage 1 for the two old ages, Fletcher Allen Partners will necessitate to run into meaningful usage Phase 2 standards get downing in 2014 ( Figure 1 ) . With this following phase, EHRs will farther salvage Fletcher Allen Partners money, save clip for physicians and infirmaries, and salvage lives.The Stage 2 standards includes new aims to better patient attention through better clinical determination support, attention coordination and patient battle ( cms.com ) . The phase 2 ends would spread out the Phase 1 standards and concentrate on the meaningful usage of electronic wellness records ( EHRs ) to back up the purposes and precedences of the National Quality Strategy ( NQS ) . The Phase 2 standards encourages the usage of wellness IT for uninterrupted attention and information quality betterment. The proposed Phase 2 meaningful usage demands include strict outlooks for wellness information exchange and include: more demanding demands for eprescribing ; integrating structured laboratory consequences ; and the outlook that suppliers will electronically convey patient attention sum-ups with each other and with the patient to back up passages in attention. Phase 2 focal points on existent usage instances of electronic information exchange and requires that a supplier direct a sum-up of attention record for more than 50 % of passages of attention and referrals. The regulation besides requires that a supplier electronically transmit a sum-up of attention for more than 10 % of passages of attention and referrals. Increasingly robust outlooks for wellness information exchange in Stage 2 and Stage 3 would back up the end that information follows the patient ( Federal Register, 2012 ) . To let suppliers clip to follow 2014 certified EHR engineering and fix for Stage 2, all participants will hold a three-month coverage period in 2014. Figure 1: Phases of Meaningful Use Beginning: NeHC University ( 2012 )REQUIREMENTS FOR STAGE 2 IMPLEMENTATIONCore Aims and Menu Aims Fletcher Allen Partners must run into certain demands for a successful Phase 2 execution. The figure of Stage 1 and Stage 2 entire aims remains the same, EPs are must run into the the step of 20 entire aims and CAHs must run into the step of 19 entire aims. However, the combination of aims has changed. Under Phase 2, eligible professionals ( EPs ) must run into the step or measure up for an exclusion to 17 nucleus aims and 3 of 6 bill of fare aims and eligible infirmaries ( EHs ) and CAHs must run into the step or measure up for an exclusion to 16 nucleus aims and 3 of 6 bill of fare aims ( Figure 2 ) . This is a alteration from EP ‘s holding to run into 15 nucleus aims and EHs holding 14 nucleus aims and 5 bill of fare aims severally. About all of the Stage 1 nucleus and bill of fare aims are retained for Stage 2. Figure 2: Changes from Phase 1 to Stage 2 Phase 1 Phase 2 Eligible Professionals 15 nucleus aims 17 nucleus aims 5 of 10 bill of fare aims 3 of 6 bill of fare aims 20 entire aims 20 entire aims Eligible Hospitals & A ; CAHs 14 nucleus aims 16 nucleus aims 5 of 10 bill of fare aims 3 of 6 bill of fare aims 19 entire aims 19 entire aims Clinical Quality Measures needed to be captured by FAP In add-on to run intoing the nucleus and bill of fare aims, eligible professionals, eligible infirmaries and CAHs are besides required to describe clinical quality measures.The clinical quality steps ( CQMs ) are tools used to mensurate and track the quality of health care services by eligible professionals ( EPs ) , eligible infirmaries ( EHs ) and critical entree infirmaries ( CAHs ) within the health care system. The CQMs step many facets of patient attention to include wellness results, clinical procedures, patient safety, efficient usage of healthcare resources, attention coordination, patient battles, population and public wellness, and clinical guidelines.The measuring and coverage of the CQMs guarantee that Fletcher Allen Partners deliver efficient, patient-centered, and safe quality care.A Eligible professionals must describe on 6 entire clinical quality steps: 3 required nucleus steps ( or 3 surrogate nucleus steps ) and 3 extra steps ( selected from a set of 38 clinical qu ality steps ) . Eligible infirmaries and CAHs must describe on all 15 of their clinical quality steps ( CQMS, cms.gov ) . Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid Services ( CMS ) selected the recommended nucleus set of CQMs for EPs based on analysis of several factors: Conditionss that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of the most Medicare and Medicaid donees Conditionss that represent national public wellness precedences Conditionss that are common to wellness disparities Conditionss that disproportionately drive health care costs and could better with better quality measuring Measures that would enable CMS, States, and the supplier community to mensurate quality of attention in new dimensions, with a stronger focal point on penurious measuring Measures that include patient and/or health professional battle Get downing in 2014, all Medicare-eligible suppliers in their 2nd twelvemonth and beyond of showing meaningful usage must electronically describe their CQM information to CMS. Medicaid suppliers will electronically describe their CQM information to their province. As Figure 3 shows, EPs must describe on 9 of the 64 approved CQMs. Selected CQMs must cover at least 3 of the National Quality Strategy domains Eligible Hospitals and CAHs must describe on 16 of 29 approved CQMs Selected CQMs must cover at least 3 of the National Quality Strategy domains. Get downing in 2014, all Medicare-eligible suppliers beyond their first twelvemonth of showing meaningful usage must electronically describe their CQM information to CMS informations to CMS. Figure 3: Clinical Quality Measures ( CQMs )SupplierPrior to 20142014 and Beyond*EPs Complete 6 out of 44 Complete 9 out of 64 aˆ?3 nucleus or 3 elevation. nucleus Choose at least 1 step in 3 NQS spheres aˆ?3 bill of fare Recommended nucleus CQMs include:Aaˆ?9 CQMs for the grownup population aˆ?9 CQMs for the paediatric population aˆ?Prioritize NQS spheresAEligible Hospitals and CAHs Complete 15 out of 15 Complete 16 out of 29 aˆ?Choose at least 1 step in 3 NQS spheresAFor 2014, CMS is non necessitating the entry of a nucleus set of CQMs. A Alternatively we identify two recommended nucleus sets of CQMs, one for grownups and one for kids. A We encourage eligible professionals to describe from the recommended nucleus set to the extent those CQMs are applicable to your range of pattern and patient population. Figure 4 shows the recommended nucleus steps: Figure 4: Recommended Core MeasuresAdult Recommended Core MeasuresPediatric Recommended Core MeasuresControling High Blood Pressure Appropriate Testing for Children with Pharyngitis Use of High-Risk Medications in the Aged Weight Assessment and Counseling for Nutrition and Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents Preventive Care and Screening: A Tobacco Use: A Screening and Cessation Intervention Chlamydia Screening for Women Use of Imaging Studies for Low Back Pain Use of Appropriate Medications for Asthma Preventive Care and Screening: A Screening for Clinical Depression and Follow-Up Plan Childhood Immunization Status Documentation of Current Medications in the Medical Record Appropriate Treatment for Children with Upper Respiratory Infection ( URI ) Preventive Care and Screening: A Body Mass Index ( BMI ) Screening and Follow-Up Attention deficit disorder: A Follow-Up Care for Children Prescribed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ) Medicine Closing the referral cringle: reception of specialist study Preventive Care and Screening: A Screening for Clinical Depression and Follow-Up PlanAAChilds who have dental decay or pits Patient Care Improvements Patient entree to their wellness information is an of import facet of patient attention and battle, and the capablenesss of CEHRT in 2014 and beyond will enable suppliers to do this information available online in a manner that does non enforce a important load on suppliers. Patient engagement – battle is an of import focal point of Stage 2. There are 26 Requirements for Patient Action: More than 5 % of patients must direct secure messages to their EP. More than 5 % of patients must entree their wellness information online. Loss of future gross through authorities inducements Changes to Medicare EHR Incentive Programs The Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs provide incentive payments to eligible professionals, eligible infirmaries and critical entree infirmaries ( CAHs ) as they adopt, implement, upgrade or show meaningful usage of certified EHR engineering. Eligible professionals can have up to $ 44,000 through the Medicare EHR Incentive Program and up to $ 63,750 through the Medicaid EHR Incentive Program. The Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs provide fiscal inducements for the â€Å" meaningful usage † of certified EHR engineering to better patient attention. To have an EHR incentive payment, suppliers have to demo that they are â€Å" meaningfully utilizing † their EHRs by run intoing thresholds for a figure of aims. CMS has established the aims for â€Å" meaningful usage † that eligible professionals, eligible infirmaries, and critical entree infirmaries ( CAHs ) must run into in order to have an incentive payment. A The Medicare and Medicaid EHR Ince ntive Programs are staged in three stairss with increasing demands for engagement. All suppliers begin take parting by run intoing the Phase 1 demands for a 90-day period in their first twelvemonth of meaningful usage and a full twelvemonth in their 2nd twelvemonth of meaningful usage. After run intoing the Phase 1 demands, suppliers will so hold to run into Stage 2 demands for two full old ages. Eligible professionals participate in the plan on the calendar old ages, while eligible infirmaries and CAHs take part harmonizing to the federal financial twelvemonth beginnning on October 1st. ( EHR Incentive Program, cms.gov ) In order to successfully take part in the plan, EPs, EHs, and CAHs are required to subject CQMs to in order to have an incentive payment in the EHR Incentive Program.Beginning in 2014, the coverage of clinical quality steps ( CQMs ) will alter for all suppliers. EHR engineering that has been certified to the 2014 Edition criterions and enfranchisement standards will hold been tested for enhanced CQM-related capabilities.ELECTRONIC Coverage: In order to let participants to successfully describe CQMs electronically for 2014, CMS is supplying a set of electronic specifications for clinical quality steps ( eCQMs ) for eligible professionals and eligible infirmaries for usage in the EHR Incentive plan for electronic coverage. A These electronic specifications contain multiple parts which allow certified EHR engineering systems to be plan to accurately capture, calculate, and describe clinical quality steps electronically for the 2014 CQMs. A Each eCQM can be described in 3 different ways depending on the intended usage: HTML A – A This is a human clear format so that the user can understand both how the elements are defined and the implicit in logic used to cipher the step. XML – This is a computing machine clear format which enables the machine-controlled creative activity of questions against an EHR or other operational informations shop for quality coverage. Value Sets – Value sets are the specific codifications used by developers to plan the system to accurately capture patient informations in the EHR system. A ATo have the maximal EHR inducement payment, Medicare eligible professionals must get down engagement by 2012.Eligible professionals who demonstrate meaningful usage of certified EHR engineering can have up to $ 44,000 over 5 uninterrupted old ages under the Medicare EHR Incentive Program Incentive payments for eligible professionals are higher under the Medicaid EHR Incentive Payments- up to $ 63,750 over 6 old ages under the Medicaid EHR inducement plan Get downing in 2015, Medicare eligible professionals who do non successfully show meaningful usage will be capable to a payment accommodation. The payment decrease starts at 1 % and increases each twelvemonth that a Medicare eligible professional does non show meaningful usage, to a upper limit of 5 % . The eligibility for the EHR inducement plan is determined by the HITECH Act. The lone eligibility alterations under Phase 2 are under the Medicaid EHR incentive plan. The Phase 2 eligibility. Meaningful usage way for Medicare eligible doctors ( EPs ) : Meaningful usage way for Medicare infirmaries: *Payments will diminish for infirmaries that start having payments in 2014 and subsequently. The alterations from Phase 1 to Stage 2 are as follow: Reporting Period Reduced to Three Months – to let suppliers clip to follow 2014 certified EHR engineering and fix for Stage 2, all participants will hold a three-month coverage period in 2014. â€Å" Phase 2 ends, consistent with other commissariats of Medicare and Medicaid jurisprudence, would spread out upon the Phase 1 standards with a focal point on guaranting that the meaningful usage of EHRs supports the purposes and precedences of the National Quality Strategy. Specifically, Stage 2 meaningful usage standards would promote the usage of wellness IT for uninterrupted quality betterment at the point of attention and the exchange of information in the most structured format possible. Our proposed Phase 2 meaningful usage demands included strict outlooks for wellness information exchange including: more demanding demands for eprescribing ; integrating structured laboratory consequences ; and the outlook that suppliers will electronically convey patient attention sum-ups with each other and with the patient to back up passages in attention. Increasingly robust outlooks for wellness information exchange in Stage 2 and Stage 3 would back up the end that information follows the patient. † Hospitals- FY14 ) Providers-Jan 2014

Why Farts Are Awesome

People are too uptight. Or maybe people just don't realize how funny farting actually is. And by people, I mean the feminine half of the population. The difference in opinion between the sexes on the humorous value of a good fart is one of the most telling signs that men are far more evolved than women. Or at least have a better sense of humor. Dammit, farts are funny. So what brought this on, you ask? Well today at work, I had to fart. So naturally I ran over to where one of my coworkers was standing, lifted my leg, scrunched my face up, and let ‘er rip. Apparently, that was rude. Well, excuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uuuuuuuuuuuse me. After I farted on my coworker, every single male working starting laughing their asses off, and the females looked at me as if I'd just committed the most heinous crime one can commit. The manager tried to keep the peace by politely asking me to not fart on people, but it was one of those times where you're trying to tell somebody not to do something, yet you just can't stop laughing. I was forced to admit that farting on someone is rude. Yeah, so? It's also very freakin hilarious. We do it to each other all the time, well, the guys anyway. We'll run over to each other's workstations, rip one off, then run away laughing as the other person covers their nose. Then an hour later they'll get us back. And you know what? It's damn funny too. So of course when I farted on my coworker people asked me if I would think it's funny if someone farted on me. Not especially, but it would be damn funny to them, and if they did it to me and didn't laugh, I'd kick their ass. Of course it isn't funny if you're on the receiving end, but it's comedic gold if you deliver a well-timed stinker to a friend. The humor value of a fart is judged by the level of humor in the eyes of the farter and the third-party audience, if applicable. The fartee's perspective doesn't count. That's the whole point of getting a good laugh at the expense of others. I don't mind if people get a laugh at my expense. It's the rules of the game, you live by the sword and die by the sword. I can take a fart from someone else, but you can bet your ass I'll be delivering one with your name on it. You see, if God didn't want people to fart on each other, he wouldn't have made it so funny. God wants us to fart in the funniest manner possible. Usually that involves assaulting the nasal passages of your fellow man. Farting is just funny. I mean think about it, it stinks, it makes a funny noise, and it comes out of your ass, how could it possibly get any funnier than that? As a matter of fact, I challenge you to name five things in life that are funnier than nailing somebody else with a big stinky fart. I don't think it's possible. To help all of you appreciate the art of farting a little more, I have taken the liberty of coming up with a few farting tips from a farting pro. If possible, make certain someone else gets the pleasure of smelling your fart. A fart nobody else smells or hears is an opportunity wasted and lost forever. If you have to fart and you're standing next to someone, bend your ass and â€Å"aim† toward them. This doesn't really make it any smellier for them, but it adds dramatic effect and makes the experience funnier. If you have to fart, and nobody is standing right next to you, hunt someone down, then lift your leg, scrunch up your face, and let it go. For bonus points, try to corner someone and then fart on them. Also for bonus, get down on your knees as though you're looking for something on the ground. Ask for help. As soon as the good samaritan gets on their knees to help you, quickly move your ass right up next to their face and let go. When someone is giving their opinion and you have to fart, say â€Å"You know what I think about that? † and then scrunch up your face and fart. When you have to fart and someone is walking in your direction, hold the fart until the are directly behind you, then release. If you're sitting down when you fart, lift the ass cheek facing the person nearest to you, that way they get the full effect. Upon completion of the fart, say â€Å"aaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh†, as though you've just taken an eleven-pound shit. Quickly claim the fart as your own handiwork, especially to those who didn't hear it. If you don't tell them, they may never know you just farted. Raise your arms over your head as though you've just won the World Heavyweight Title in front of thousands of people. Announce what it was that made you fart. Make sure to use lots of description. Rather than say â€Å"I need to stop eating so much Mexican food†, say â€Å"God damn, those three bean burritos went right through me, I'll be lucky if I don't get diarrhea. † Describe to all around you how the fart felt as it came out. For example, was it a wet one? A cheek burner? Did you feel like a giant gas bubble in your stomach popped with the fart's release? Do you need to go to the restroom just to make sure a little feces didn't escape as well? Rate the fart. Unless it was a dud, in which case you shouldn't have done all the buildup. But if it was a good one, talk about what a great fart it was and how you wish you'd had a video camera.

Zombies Rogerian Argument

Zombies have taken over. They dominate television shows, movies and anything else related to pop culture and have become increasingly more popular as the years progress. Whether it’s a mob of zombies sucking the brains out of a helpless victim on the big screen or zombies terrorizing families on television shows, it is hard to ignore the gory entourage. Fans of zombie lore generally fall into two categories: those who are attracted to the popularity of zombies and see them as purely amusement and those who not only are amused by zombies, but can also see the possibility of fiction becoming reality. The possibility of a zombie apocalypse is very real and terrifying; and most of the population simply wouldn’t survive. No one is safe. Now is the time to prepare and learn about the potential threat and to ensure–above all else– survival. For hundreds of years zombies have conjured images of the reanimated dead, mindlessly searching for the next meal of human brains. While this may be true in Hollywood, zombies actually started out as mindless servants who worked on farms in Haiti, where voodoo was the main religion in practice. Voodoo priests of priestesses are believed to use medicinal concoctions which can bring the dead back to life as zombie slaves, who were then worked out in the fields. This became such a problem in Haiti that family members would guard the graves of loved ones until they were certain the body had begun to decompose, as voodoo only works on the freshly dead. (Real Zombies, 1) At any rate, many people simply do not believe in the possibility of a single zombie, let alone a zombie apocalypse. The notion of a human being brought back to life as a blood thirsty creature does sound far-fetched, and as of yet there have been no documented cases of the typical Hollywood zombie. It is human nature to resist ideas that are so outlandish and terrifying, especially given the seeming lack of proof surrounding a zombie invasion. Normally, such things can be chalked up to a simple fad taking hold of the nation’s youth as a result of cinematic glamour and the growth of social networking. Normally, most people would agree that the zombie craze will be short lived and would certainly not amount to the apocalyptic infatuation that seems to have taken hold of the populace. We always seek the rational, the explainable, the safe. Unfortunately, like history has proven time and again, inexplicable events can often change our views of what is rational and real. There is a very real and poignant possibility that we could be faced with a zombie infestation, and it could occur at any time. The conditions are right. From a scientific standpoint, the ingredients for a devastating zombie outbreak are primed and ready, with some needing only a slight evolution of a bacteria, virus, or even parasites. Toxoplasmosa Gondii is a rather terrifying parasite that can only breed in the intestines of a cat. While that may not seem unusual, the parasite actually lives and grows on rats. In order to be ingested by felines, the parasites take over the rats brain and make it scurry towards where cats habitate. What makes this even more horrifying is that over half of the human population are already infected with Toxoplasmosa and it has been scientifically proven to alter the personality of those who are infected. It would only take a few changes in the parasites to occur either naturally or in a lab before we become slaves to a parasite. Neurotoxins are second on the list. Neurotoxins are poisons(naturally occurring or man-made) that can be used to slow bodily functions to the point of being legally declared dead. They can also be used to bring those people back in a trance-like state with no memory; essentially leaving them as a shuffling, mindless husk. One case in Haiti tells of a Clairvius Narcisse, who was legally declared dead by two doctors but was found 18 years later wandering around a village. A voodoo preist had been using neurotoxins to make Clairvius into a zombie to work his fields. Next is the virus that causes Mad Cow disease. The virus turns cows into enraged attack animals, and when ingested by humans it manifests as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This disease causes hallucinations, lack of coordination, muscle twitching and rapidly-developing dementia that an turn intensely violent. Neurogenesis is also capable of creating zombies. Neurogenesis is the act regrowing brain cells, or entire brains. This sounds great, but a lab who expiraments in neurogenesis has proven that is can cause the brain to die from the inside out; destroying parts of the rain that make us human first. It destroys the cerebral cortex and leaves only basic motor functions and instincts behind. Lastly are nanobots, which are microscopic, self-replicating robots that scientists have used to attach to viruses. These nanobots can survive even after the host dies. Now there are studies that aim to use nanobots to replace damages neural connections in the human brain. They can rewire your thoughts and survive after host death–what could possibly go wrong? (Wong,5) In lieu of the overwhelming scientific evidence that supports the possibility of a zombie apocalypse, it is imperative that the human race be prepared for such an event. It is essential that we strive to get in shape and remain healthy not only for longevity, but also for survival. The reality of the situation is that, quite simply, one cannot possibly deny that science is constantly evolving. There are weapons of warfare, both biological and chemical, that can cause mass dementia, insanity, and eventually death. Wiki,1) Is it so hard to imagine a weapon being forged that could enslave humans by destroying their minds and making them a mindless horde? Suddenly, the concept of a zombie apocalypse doesn’t seem so far fetched. While the vast majority may, thanks to the exaggerations made by Hollywood, not believe in the possibility of a zombie take-over, it is important to remember that anything is possible with the amount of technology that continues to constantly evolve. By keeping in shape, memorizing escape routes at home and being constantly aware, human-kind may stand a chance against a plague of undead. The presence of parasites able to take over brain functions, neurotoxins able to control the body, miniscule robots poised to take over the brain and viruses able to reduce humans into demented, tortured shadows of a creature, it is essential that preparations are taken in the event one of those things should evolve. The reasoning is simple and appeals to human nature: it is better to be safe, than sorry.

Business Ehics Assignment (6questions) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Ehics Assignment (6questions) - Essay Example In school, facial discrimination is also a problem. Students tend to pay more attention to teachers who are good looking than to teachers who are not good looking. In effect, students are more inclined to give higher instructional rankings to attractive professors simply because they learned more from these people because they paid more attention to what these professors say in class. Yes, the whole idea that the degree of learning of students may be affected by their personal likes or dislikes of the facial features of their teachers but the fact still remains that this situation is true. 2. The argument that there is nothing wrong with â€Å"facial discrimination† is to some extent valid. The physical appearance of the person is the first thing that we notice. People are generally attracted to a beautiful face which is why some companies that are engaged is customer relations prefer to employ good-looking people. You see, it is generally easier for people to warm up to people who are good looking than towards people who have sour expressions. Moreover, people are generally more forgiving towards people who look good than to those who are ugly. On the other hand, the idea of hiring people based on their looks may not be acceptable when the job in question does not require face to face dealings with customers. Most companies are not really particular as to how their technical employees look like. You see, most technical employees work in cubicles and they seldom have to come face to face with customers. In this case, the ability of the person is what counts and his or her looks. 3. Physical attractiveness becomes a job-related criterion when the job requires the employee deal directly with customers on a daily basis. For instance, people who work in the sales department need to look the part to be able to attract customers. We all know that people at the sales department or at the

Literature Review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Literature Review - Assignment Example Clinical symptoms of CHF include: breathing problems, fatigue, exercise intolerance and peripheral oedema, and frequent thirst. According to Donner et al. (2012, p. 442), some of the causes of heart failures include high sodium consumption, consumption of foods that are poor in vitamins, mineral and fiber, high intake of saturated fat, cholesterol, and simple carbohydrate. Among adults with over 65 years, CHF is the leading cause of hospitalization. Doris et al. (2007) argue that effective management of heart failure requires pharmacological management combined with non-pharmacological interventions. This position is significant in this literature review because of the need to evaluate the best option between pharmacological and non pharmacological management interventions. It will be vital to evaluate which option will provide the best management that will ensure no reoccurrence of hear failure in elderly patients. In this literature review, three themes stand out in the management of congestive heart failure namely; pharmacological treatment therapies, non pharmacological treatment therapies, and a combination of the two management therapies. PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT THERAPIES Pharmacological management therapies involve administration of a drug to alleviate the symptoms of CHF. Diuretics such as furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide and thiazide are important drugs in the management of CHF. Administration of these drugs can either be through intravenous bolus every 12 hours or by continuous intravenous infusion. Debates still exist on the most effective way of administrating these drugs. Similarity Some studies have shown that administration by continuous intravenous infusion is more effective in the management of CHF. Differences However, these studies have received a fair share of criticism. Similarly it is not clear as to whether administration of high dose of diuretics is more effective in management of CHF than administration of low doses of diuretics. Th is means that current guidelines on administration of diuretics are based on expert opinion. This has resulted in variation in the mode of administration and the dosing. The integration/synthesis of the evidence There is still some controversy on the administration of pharmacological management therapies. This may have some negative impact on the treatment of CHF among elderly patients. For example, in a study done by Felker et al. (2011), it was observed that among patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF), there no significant differences in â€Å"patients’ global assessment of symptoms† or in the change in renal function on administering diuretic therapy by bolus when compared with continuous infusion or at a high dose as compared with a low dose (p.797). These findings do not agree with findings of previous study, which recommended that continuous intravenous infusion is more effective than intravenous bolus. Critique of the evidence This leaves the medi cal doctor at a dilemma and thereby, no agreement on the best way to administer pharmacological treatment to patients. Unless this is done, varying expert opinion will still be used in the administration of diuretics by clinicians, and this poses a danger to the patients because such treatment will be based on try and error. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL CHF MANAGEMENT THERAPIES Non pharmacological CHF management therapies involve the use of non drug approaches to alleviate the symptoms (Kostis, et al., 1994).

Dennetts Arguement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dennetts Arguement - Essay Example People have been trying to shake the world’s confidence in quantum physics through different scientific theories but they have been unsuccessful because the world can see something tangible and Einstein’s theory of relativity is well established beyond doubt. These are the people who argue that intelligent causes can explain the complex, information-rich structures of science and biology but people have never really been able to get the their heads around the concepts involved. Dennett is however convinced that any creation must have a creator and supernatural things cannot be explained through intelligent causes. He believes there is plenty of motivation to resist the assurance of the biologists and that ID is a hoax but people find ingenious ways to fool themselves. In support of his argument that natural selection is the process which has the power to generate ingenious designs, Dennett discuses the evolution of the eye. The intelligent design proponents feel that a fully evolved eye is evidence of intelligent design process but evolutionary biology has proved that this is wrong. Dennett also argues on the history of genes involved in the evolution process. He argues that if evolution did not occur through the process of natural selection, species would have found it difficult to adapt to their environment. The proponents of intelligent design have not been able to come up with any theory that challenges the theory of evolution. Dennett convincingly states that no intelligent design hypothesis till date has been able to give a rival explanation of any biological phenomenon. Intelligent design cannot even explain why human beings differ from their relatives. Dennett recounts that there are plenty of scientific controversies that are not yet in public knowledge as the scientists and biologists are first trying to get acceptance from their peers. Dennett’s

Organisational change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational change management - Essay Example Such moves, however, may not be successful in ensuring the company’s progress. The Case Study D2, the auto components producer, introduced change due to external pressures such as competition from other auto parts manufacturers, and the financial recession that resulted in fewer customers. In response to these external pressures, D2 made some immediate changes to counter the down turn in revenue. To cut costs, the company stopped manufacturing some of its components while increasing the production of others in specific sites. The company also made the decision to close down its UK Plant because it contained archaic manufacturing technical gadgets. Moreover, the company’s management is yet to divulge the new changes of the impending closure of the UK Plant to its employees. It is a fact that the workers based at the UK plant in Didcot will be shocked by their discharges because they are expecting continued business operations with even more investment or capital being di rected into the operations there. It also has not deigned to share the new strategies with the firms remaining employees. Only the higher ranking managers are aware of the strategies. Most researchers tend to first evaluate organisational change through the input of Kurt Lewin’s Field theory. The field theory asserts that all businesses exist in an active though constant state. To sustain this balance, businesses are compelled to make changes in reaction to forces that affect or influence the business’s field (Burnes 2004). Lewin’s model seeks to prove that most of the time, any kind of organisational change will be gradually realised. Moreover, when a company is experiencing a crisis, any organisational changes it decides on are quickly implemented. The field’s theory states that when an organisation ahs to realise changes on a fast pace, it has to ensure that there are corresponding powerful forces working to see the needed changes become an accepted pa rt of the organisation’s functions (Burnes 2004). The theory also asserts that there is a need to ensure that there is a dissuasion of any efforts that encourage the organisation’s status quo to remain. Lewin’s model asserts that, when there is gradual change in an organisation, the necessary steps will take place in three stages: (i) The old, archaic and ‘accepted’ business operations or ways of doing things must be ‘unfrozen’ or removes altogether so that the coming changes can be allowed to take hold without any competing functions making the process difficult. In the ‘unfreezing process’, an organisation’s management will examine why the change is necessary while also looking into facts that exists and which might impair or assist the changes that will be suggested. The management will also encourage workers to think as they do about the necessity of incorporating changes in the organisation in order to improve i t. (ii) In the second stage, movement, the organisation starts to change its behaviour. These shifts in behaviour usually occur after the organisation’s personnel understand the how different options of change will work and have selected their preferred method of change (Cameron and Green 2004). In most organisations, the process of change is supervised or overseen by a specialist such as an organisational development practitioner. (iii) In the third stage of the field model, refreezing, the organisation generates structures and functions to